1. 1. What process is illustrated in the diagram?

2. 2. Bluetongue virus causes severe disease in sheep and cattle
2. Bluetongue virus causes severe disease in sheep and cattle. High levels of infection in livestock populations can threaten the livestock industry. Which of the following statements best describes how a bluetongue virus particle reproduces in its sheep or cattle host? A. The virus immediately kills the animal and then escapes to reproduce. B. The virus makes spores that are shed on the ground with the animal’s wastes. C. The virus uses the animal’s cellular machinery to reproduce inside the animal. D. The virus releases eggs into the nutrient-rich environment of the animal’s digestive tract.

3. 3. Describe a difference between how viruses reproduce and how cells reproduce.

4. 4. Label the following pictures as cells or viruses.D C

5. 5. A variety of respiratory diseases in humans can be caused by adenoviruses.  Use the words capsid, envelope, replication, nucleic acid to describe an adenovirus in a complete sentence.

6. 6. A tomato plant in a greenhouse was found to be infected with tobacco mosaic virus. A few weeks later, nearby plants were also found to be infected with the virus. Which of the following best describes how the virus reproduced?
 A. The virus made its own spores.
 B. The virus produced seeds in the tomatoes.
 C. The virus used the host plant’s resources and machinery to reproduce. 
D. The virus immediately killed the host plant and was free to reproduce.

8. 7. Based on the graph, which antibiotic had S
7. Based on the graph, which antibiotic had S. pneumoniae become most resistant to by 1999? 8. Why is this antibiotic (answer to #7) the least effective? 9. Explain, how antibiotic-resistant populations of S. pneumoniae develop over time.

9. 10. Is the population pictured above of a bacterial or viral population? 11. Would a vaccine produce the same effect in the population?

10. 12. One student in a class becomes sick with a fever and cough
12. One student in a class becomes sick with a fever and cough. Two days later, three other students in the same class become sick with the same symptoms. This is evidence that the illness is most likely caused by — A cold weather B a pathogen C a genetic mutation D nutritional deficiencies

11. 13. Viruses are able to infect cells because they share a common genetic code and are able to use host cell enzymes to carry out protein synthesis. There are some structures which are unique to viruses and not found in cells. These include:  I. Protein capsid II. Nucleic acids III. Cell wall   A I only B II only C I and II only D II and III only

12. 14. Which viral reproduction cycle is pictured above. 15
14. Which viral reproduction cycle is pictured above? 15. T/F Viral nucleic acid replicates independently of the host cell chromosome.

13. 16. A photograph of a virus is shown below
16. A photograph of a virus is shown below. The projections on the surface of this virus allow the virus to…

14. 17. What treatment likely led to a decrease in the number of cases of bacterial pneumonia from 1940 to 1960? 18. Explain why this same treatment would or would not be effective against measles?

15. 19. Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1
19. Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1. A company that wants to develop antiviral drugs would ask a research immunologist to study — A the mechanism used by the virus to infect cells B how closely related the virus is to cold viruses C the metabolism of the virus D meiosis in the virus

16. 20. Which of the following illnesses is caused by a virus
20. Which of the following illnesses is caused by a virus? Common colds Diabetes Strep throat Malaria

17. 21. Viruses and cells are different in many ways
21. Viruses and cells are different in many ways. In which of these ways are viruses and cells most similar? Composition of outer covering Stages of life cycle Composition of genetic material Stages of reproduction

18. 22. Scientists are designing new medicines to fight infectious diseases caused by viruses. One of the most effective ways these medicines could limit the spread of the virus within the body would be to — A) prevent viruses from dividing B) burst cells infected with viruses C) stop viruses from attaching to cells D) make it easier for viruses to leave cells

19. 23. A retrovirus gets its name from the fact that when it infects a cell, a retrovirus uses ______ to produce _______. Which is the _______ of how transcription works.

20. 24. Identify the biomoleculesA B D C
25. Which one is not found in a virus?