1. Settlement of Rural Women Migrants in Urban China —Some of them are not “floating” anymore Rachel Connelly, Bowdoin College Kenneth Roberts, Southwestern University Zhenzhen Zheng, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences The 4th international Conference on Population Geographies Hong Kong, 10-13 July 2007

2. 2 Background The mobile population was 147.35 million in 2005, from China 1% population survey 47.79 million move across provincial border, which was 5.35 million more than 2000 More women, especially younger women, move as much as men do

3. 3 Settlement of migrants — theory, reality, and related studies Changes in migration theory on issues of circulation and settlement Women at the center of settlement process Recent surveys  migrants stay longer in cities and more with their family members  more migrants intend to stay in the cities Related studies  characteristics of those who stay longer  determinants of stay intension

4. 4 Questions to be answered Who stayed Who will stay Is there any difference between men and women Policy implications: behavior differences between migrants to stay and to return

5. 5 Six dimensions of settlement Length of Stay (stay longer  more settled) Social Ties (more urban focused  more settled) Housing (living with relatives instead of living with non- relatives, owning an apartment, better housing conditions, more area per person  more settled) Who’s Where (families united, kids in school  more settled) Employment Situation (more months of continuous employment, self employment  more settled) Registration Status (urban Hukuo  more settled)

6. 6 Data: The 2001 Chinese Urban Labor Survey (CULS)  Five cities: Shanghai, Wuhan, Shenyang, Fuzhou, Xi’an  About 500 in each city, and total 1792 men and 1202 women migrants were interviewed  66.4% men and 62.9% women were currently married  Mean years of stay: 5.26 The shortest, Shenyang: 3.86 The longest, Fuzhou: 5.99

7. 7 Relationship between duration of stay and age, marital status More people are currently married among those who stay longer Older people stay longer

8. 8 Relationship between duration of stay and family member in the same city

9. 9 Relationship between duration of stay and self employed (%)

10. 10 Relationship between duration of stay and having Hukou (%)

11. 11 Determinants of duration of stay  an OLS approach For both men and women, significantly positive  Age  Distance to the city Men and women differ in terms of significance  Self reported poor Mandarin ability upon arrival predicts less time in the city for women  Women with their first job arranged have a shorter time stayed  Men with good local language ability upon arrival stayed longer  Men in Shenyang and Xi’an had a shorter time stayed

12. 12 Discussion Gaps among the cities Gaps between men and women Behavior of different variables Policy implication Limitation of the study

13. Thank you!