1. Writing Process LUO Yuqing BUPT-SH

2. Why do you need a writing process? It can help writers to organize their thoughts. It can help writers to avoid frustration and procrastination. It can help writers to use their time productively and efficiently.

3. Writing process Invention Collection Organization Drafting Revising Proofreading

4. Invention: coming up with your topic Brainstorming Free writing Listing Clustering

5. Brainstorming Generate ideas and details by asking as many questions as possible: what, when, why, how, who, where.

6. Free Writing A non-stop record of what’s going on in your mind Write as you think; think as you write Focused free writing: free writing for a specific subject

7. Listing List all items about your subject that occurs to you Do not worry about order and level To generate details and to accumulate raw material

8. Clustering: mapping out ideas ME Internet censorship telemar- keting scams NFL instant replay NBA political apathy three-party system salary caps sportsmanship animal abuse First Amendment Flag Burning Amend- ment

9. Collection Gathering ideas Locating and evaluating research Conducting interviews

10. Organizing: putting information in an outline OUTLINE I. Introduction A. Grab attention B. State thesis II. Body A. Build points B. Develop ideas C. Support main claim III. Conclusion A. Reemphasize main idea

11. Drafting Give yourself ample time to work on your project. Find a comfortable place to do your writing. Avoid distractions. Take breaks.

12. Revising: reviewing ideas Review higher-order concerns: –Clear communication of ideas –Organization of paper –Paragraph structure –Strong introduction and conclusion

13. Proofreading Review later- order concerns: –Spelling –Punctuation –Sentence structure –Manuscript form

14. Proofreading tips Do not revise or proofread immediately after drafting. Slowly read your paper aloud or backwards. Exchange papers with a friend. NOTE: Spell check will not catch everything, and grammar checks are often wrong!

15. Writing Process: Review Invention Collection Organization Drafting Revising Proofreading