1. 1 Day Date Subject To be read prior to this class period: Th3/12Chapter 7 T3/17 students = epigenetics Richie Th3/19students = toxicology and cancer Anna, Bouradee T3/24 Th3/26 T3/31no class - Spring Break Th4/2no class - Spring Break T4/7students = life cycles Th4/9 Chapter 9 second short writing assignment due at the start of class on Thurs, 4/9 T4/14students = nutrients and development Meg, Zeb Th4/16 T4/21students = evolution Greg Th4/23Chapter 10 T4/28 Th4/30Capstone Papers due Chapter 8 T5/5Discussion of Capstone Papers Th5/7Chapter 8 Comprehensive Final Exam, Thursday, May 7 th, 8:00 – 10:00 AM

2. 2 second short writing assignment for your Capstone project: 1)Describe your career goals. 2)Describe you past, current, and future career plans and efforts. 3) Explain which college course has had the most impact on your career plans and why (not this class). 4) Connect your career goals, plans, and efforts with your Capstone project efforts in as many ways as you can. These can be similarities and/or differences. 5) What kind of sources/references could be include in this writing? Incorporate at least five sources/references.

3. 3 correlation of adult blood pressure and birth rate:

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5. 5 Molecular mechanism might be in the kidney?

6. 6 There are many examples of maladaptive responses in Chapter 7 plus new examples that aren’t maladaptive. maladaptive = a misinterpretation of the environment Dutch Hunger Winter

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9. 9 toxicology and cancer epigenetics

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12. 12 epigenetics (narrow definition) = DNA methylation and/or histone modification DNA methylation stories: 1) promoter of the glucocorticoid receptor 2) thrifty phenotype in mammmals 3) folic acid (methyl donor) in obesity of agouti rats 4) queen ants 5) transgenerational 6) Richie’s paper on the “methylome” imprinting embryonic stem cells

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15. 15 research article Richie selected

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19. 19 toxicology and cancer epigenetics

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21. 21 Cancer traditional and dominant view: Cancer is caused my DNA mutations. Carcinogens are carcinogenic because they are mutagens. This is the somatic mutation hypothesis. Mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are correlated with cancers and have often been shown to cause cancer.

22. 22 Cancer traditional and dominant view: Cancer is caused my DNA mutations. Carcinogens are carcinogenic because they are mutagens. This is the somatic mutation hypothesis. Mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are correlated with cancers and have often been shown to cause cancer. Our authors explore a possible new addition: Some cancers may be caused in part by altered epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation and histone modifications).

23. 23 Cancer traditional and dominant view: Cancer is caused my DNA mutations. Carcinogens are carcinogenic because they are mutagens. This is the somatic mutation hypothesis. Mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are correlated with cancers and have often been shown to cause cancer. Our authors explore a possible new addition: Some cancers may be caused in part by altered epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation and histone modifications). epigenetic progenitor model tissue organization field hypothesis

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26. 26 Ch 7: Epigenetic origin of adult disease page 270: aging lead to increased methylation aging and random epigenetic drift

27. 27 Ch 7: Epigenetic origin of adult disease page 270: aging lead to increased methylation

28. 28 Ch 7: Epigenetic origin of adult disease page 270: aging lead to increased methylation aging and random epigenetic drift

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31. 31 Fetal Origins of Adult Disease model or perhaps a better term for this would be: Developmental Origin of Health and Disease The Environmental Mismatch Hypothesis = A PAR incorrectly anticipates a later environment. For example, what if the thrifty phenotype is formed but the later environment is rich?

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35. 35 Allelic variation in each of these examples

36. 36 Next topics from Chapter 7: Aging and cancer as diseases of epigenesis Public Health issues

37. 37 DES daughters molecular mechanism of action: represses Hoxa10 expression This could be called a “homeotic disruption”