2. Speed of Memory What do we know? ­ Children take longer than adults to process information to remember. ­ As children get older they can process the same amount of information faster, ­ Or, process more information in the same amount of time. ­ Number of information items remains constant at least to age 60

3. Some feel that older adults who exercise regularly can better maintain memory functions. At any age, ineffective or slow information processing or lack of knowledge can limit a person’s performance ­ In the sports world, for example, lack of knowledge or the inability to make a decision quickly, can hinder performance as much as lack of skill or fitness.

4. Oxygen on the brain is … Exercise, especially aerobic, is associated with improved information processing for both cognitive and motor tasks.

5. Importance of Feedback ­ in the learning process A. Feedback is used to improve schema (thinking) B. Feedback is on of the most influential factors in skill performance. C. Feedback should be specific. D. Feedback should be positive or neutral vs negative; and corrective feedback is NOT negative feedback; but young children respond well to positive feedback.

6. Teach children steps in problem solving Understand the problem Devise a plan Carry out the plan Look back (Polya, 1957) IDEAL System Identify Define Explore Act Look Back (Bransford & Stein, 1993)

7. Story problem There is a fox, a goose and a bag of seed to take across the river. The fox cannot ride with the goose, the goose cannot ride with the seed. How many trips the boat have to take to get them all safely across the river?

8. Chudler – google his name Neuroscience for kids Go to Experiment, Go to Brain Games, Scroll down to on line Response time Complete for homework – record and print score Select one more memory game you would have your students play at a learning center or at home.

9. Feedback Working with children, educators should provide information and feedback but in a LIMITED QUANTITY for any single performance. Feedback should be limited to single ideas at a time (in the PE world that means ONE cue at a time). ­ In language arts that means one concept or idea at a time. ­ One cue at a time – not four cues the same day

10. There are many types of Feedback Internal External Specific Congruent Behavioral Conceptual

11. Limit Feedback Too much information makes our heads spin…. All right now, get into the ready position, turn sideways, point your left shoulder to the net, and get ready to hit the ball. Keep your racquet head on a level plane. When the ball comes to you, be sure to get your racquet back to full extension at about hip level. Be sure to follow through from low to high, and remember to…