1. 1 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

2. 2 CHAPTER Nutrition and Digestive Systems 6

3. 3 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Definition of Terms Nutrition –Animal receives a proper and balanced food and water ration so it can grow, maintain its body, reproduce, and supply or produce expected elements Nutrient –Single food or group of foods of the same general chemical composition that supports animal life

4. 4 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Roles of Water Support the body’s biochemical reactions Transport other nutrients Aid in body temperature maintenance Help give the body its form Carry waste from the body

5. 5 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Importance of Water Most important nutrient –Loss impedes circulation, results in dehydration, slows body functions –Carries medications for disease control Makes up about 55 to 65 percent of an animal’s body

6. 6 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Roles of Proteins Develop and repair body organs and tissues Produce milk, wool, and eggs Develop the fetus Serve as building material for enzymes and hormones Develop antibodies Transmit DNA

7. 7 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Importance of Proteins Broken into amino acids during digestion –Animals must consume essential amino acids –Ruminants can create all amino acids Amino acids contribute to animals’ health Function and growth determine animals’ amino acid needs

8. 8 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Roles of Carbohydrates Support bodily functions Produce heat to warm the body Store fat

9. 9 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Importance of Carbohydrates Converted by animals into energy Made of sugars, starches, and crude fiber –Completely digested sugars and starches are nitrogen-free extracts –Crude fiber is mostly non-digestible bulk or roughage Large amounts of crude fiber better handled by some animals (ruminants)

10. 10 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Roles of Fats Provide energy Aid in absorption of fat-soluble vitamins Provide fatty acids

11. 11 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Importance of Fats Contain 2.25 times as much energy as equivalent amount of carbohydrates and proteins Essential in the diet, though at less than 3 percent

12. 12 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Roles of Vitamins Regulate digestion, absorption, and metabolism Develop normal vision, bone, and external body coverings Regulate body glands Form new cells Fight disease and strengthen simmune system Develop and maintain nervous system

13. 13 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Importance of Vitamins Needed for specific biochemical reactions, though in very small amounts Vitamin examples –A: Prevents poor vision, respiratory ailments, digestive problems –E: Important for reproduction –B 12 : Essential for normal growth, reproduction, and blood formation

14. 14 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Importance of Macrominerals Needed in the largest amounts Examples –Calcium: Needed for bone, teeth, and eggshell formation; normal blood coagulation; milk production –Potassium: Helps maintain osmotic pressure, activates enzymes, helps regulate heartbeat –Sodium: Serves as chief cation of blood plasma and other extracellular fluids

15. 15 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Importance of Microminerals Needed in low or trace amounts Examples –Iron: Needed for hemoglobin formation –Iodine: Important in thyroxin production –Zinc: Needed for the body’s immune system –Selenium: Crucial for vitamin E absorption and use

16. 16 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Types of Animal Digestion Ruminant –“Forage consuming” or “multi-stomached” –Examples include farm and zoo animals Nonruminant –“Single-stomached” or “mono-gastric” –Examples include all small animals in book

17. 17 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Ruminant Digestive System

18. 18 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Non-ruminant Digestive System