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2. 2 Introduction to SP&SMS4DC Prepared by : Eng.Yasir Mohammed Bashar Yasir_192@ntc.gov.sd

3. 1 Spectrum Management Definition 2 Spectrum Management FrameworkIntroduction to SMS4DC 3 Radio regulations Outlines 3

4. 1 Spectrum Management Definition 2 Spectrum Management FrameworkIntroduction to SMS4DC 3 Radio regulations Outlines 4

5. Spectrum Management  Is a combination of administrative and technical procedures to ensure the efficient operation of radio communications without causing Interference  Ensures interference-free access to as many users and as many uses as possible often provides an economic return to the governments.  International – governance of spectrum use on a global basis is a core responsibility of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)  ITU Radio Regulations, Article 5 - Table of Frequency Allocations establishes a basis for developing a national frequency allocation table. 5

6. Purpose of Spectrum Management  Spectrum has to be managed to ensure its rational, equitable, efficient and economical use by all radiocommunication services and users, taking into account that:  Interference is caused between radiocommunications systems unless sufficient isolation from each other is provided: in Frequency, Distance or Time domains  Radio spectrum is a finite resource in terms of instant capacity, although it is inexhaustible when used over time.  New applications mean ever growing demand for new spectrum access opportunities. For physical/technical reasons, some parts of the spectrum have greater demand, e.g. VHF/UHF bands due to better propagation conditions  Ensure spectrum use is well coordinated between various users within the same and neighboring countries. 6

7. Spectrum Management system 7

8. Spectrum as Economic Resource SpectrumLandOilWater Is the resource varied?YES Not very Is it scarce?YES Can it be made more productive? YES NO Is it renewable?YESPartiallyNOYES Can it be stored for later use? NO YES Can it be exported?NO YES Can it be traded?YES www.ictregulationtoolkit.org It is interesting to compare spectrum to other natural recourses such as land, oil, and water. 8

9. www.ictregulationtoolkit.org  Technically, efficient : use of spectrum, at a basic level, implies the fullest possible use of all available spectrum. Two measures of technical efficiency are occupancy and data rat e BandFrequencyRangeUseBandwidthInterference VLF3-30 kHz1000’s kmLong range radio-navigationVery narrowWide Spread LF30-300 kHz1000’s km Same as VLF strategic communications Very NarrowWide Spread MF2-3000 km Same as VLF strategic communications.3-3 MHzWide Spread HF3-30 MHzup to 1000 kmGlobal broadcast and Point to PointWideWide Spread VHF30-300 MHz2-300 kmBroadcast, PCS,, WanVery WideConfined UHF.3-3 GHz< 100 kmBroadcast, PCS,, WanVery wideConfined SHF3-30 GHz Varies 30 km to 2000 km Broadcast, PCS,, Wan, Satellite Communication Very Wide up to 1 GHz Confined EHF30-300 GHzVaries 20 km to 2000 km Microcell, Point to Point,,PCS and Satellite Very Wide up to 10 GHz Confined  Economically, efficient: Allocating and assigning spectrum to its most economically valuable use As a resource, the spectrum has both technical and economic dimensions 9

10. Spectrum Management Activates Spectrum planning Spectrum authorization/licensing Spectrum engineering Spectrum monitoring and compliance 10

11. Spectrum management embodies four main areas of activity  Spectrum planning: provide direction and cohesion in support of policy formulation, and support future steps to achieve optimal spectrum use. Major trends and developments in technology and the needs of both current and future users of the frequency spectrum should be closely monitored and mapped.  Spectrum authorization/licensing: Involves assigning specific frequencies to users, allotting certain frequency bands or sub-bands to specific users under certain specified conditions and in accordance with the national and international table of frequency allocations.  Spectrum engineering: Involves the development of electromagnetic compatibility standards for equipment that emits or is susceptible to radio frequencies.  Spectrum monitoring and compliance: Involves the monitoring of the use of the radio spectrum and the implementation of measures to control unauthorized use 11

12. 1 Spectrum Management Definition 2 Spectrum Management FrameworkIntroduction to SMS4DC 3 Radio regulations Outlines 12

13. International/Regional framework National frameworkCivil/businessDefense/security Spectrum Management Framework 13

14. International Framework The governance of spectrum use on a global basis is a core responsibility of the International Telecommunication Union ITU and, in particular, its Radio communication SectorITU-R, The mission of the ITU-R sector is, inter alia, to ensure rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio frequency spectrum by all radio communication services, including those using satellite orbits and to carry out studies and adopt recommendations on radio communication matters. 14

15. The main activates of ITU-R World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC). Study groups The ITU-R Radiocommunication Assembly 15

16. Regional co-ordination on spectrum use Exchange information and experiences to foster the harmonization of spectrum management rules Facilitating efficient and flexible use of the spectrum Coordinating the Use of Technical Standards across Regions Managing interference by establishment of a common framework Prepare common positions to be presented to regional, then global instances 16

17. Bilateral Agreements Cross-border co-ordination by harmonizing the use of frequency spectrum. develop means of resolving instances of unexpected harmful interference 17

18. 1 Spectrum Management Definition 2 Spectrum Management FrameworkIntroduction to SMS4DC 3 Radio regulations Outlines 18

19. Radio Regulations  The first International Radiotelegraph Convention was signed in Berlin in 1906. The annex (12-page ) to this Convention contained the world’s first set of service regulations on the use of radio.  Today, known as the Radio Regulations (over 2000 pages), the legal and technical provisions of this document have since been expanded and revised by numerous radio conferences in order to keep in step with the ever-expanding use of radio.  The Radio Regulations have the status of an international treaty and are binding on ITU Member States. 19

20. What are the RR?  Principal instrument of the international radio regulatory arrangement based on the use of following concepts:  Frequency block allocations intended for use by defined radio services (Table of Frequency Allocations as contained in AR 5)  Generally provides common frequency allocations to mutually compatible services operating with similar technical characteristics in specific parts of the spectrum  Stable planning environment for administrations, for equipment manufacturers and for users 20

21. Purpose of RR  To ensure interference-free operations of radiocommunication systems;  To provide ITU Member States with:  Equitable access to the radio spectrum, and  Orbital positions for space stations  Include a Table of Frequency Allocations for the various radio services (inter alia radio broadcasting, television, radio astronomy, navigation aids, point-to-point service, maritime mobile, amateur).  Include allotment and frequency plans (Appendices)  Deal with ways of avoiding harmful interference and contain various other provisions, such as those relating to the qualifications required for station operators, and the nature and contents of essential documents for international radio service 21

22. Maintenance of RR  Written and updated by ITU Member States through a procedure of negotiation based on the principles of multilateral cooperation and agreement.  At the heart of this process are ITU’s World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRCs), normally take place every three to four years:  address issues related to all aspects of radiocommunication services including the revision of the Radio Regulations.  Regional and national preparatory work done in the period between conferences contributes to an important harmonization of national positions, and most decisions at WRCs are subsequently taken by consensus. 22

23. Volumes of the RR  Volume 1: Articles  Volume 2: Appendices  Volume 3: Resolutions  Volume 4:Recommendations incorporated by reference 23

24. 5.2:Region and areas: delimitation 24

25. 25 Allocation to services Region 1Region 2Region 3 220-225 223-230 BROADCASTING Fixed Mobile AMATEUR FIXED MOBILE Radiolocation 5.241 223-230 FIXED MOBILE BROADCASTING 225-235 FIXED MOBILE AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION Radiolocation 5.243 5.246 5.2475.250 230-235 FIXED MOBILE 230-235 FIXED MOBILE AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION 5.247 5.251 5.2525.250 235-267FIXED MOBILE 5.111 5.199 5.252 5.254 5.256 5.256A 267-272FIXED MOBILE Space operation (space-to-Earth) 5.254 5.257 220-335.4 MHz

26. 1 Spectrum Management Definition 2 Spectrum Management FrameworkIntroduction to SMS4DC 3 Radio regulations Outlines 26

27.  SMS4DC is software designed by ITU based on ITU recommendations o 2007: SMS4DC Version 1.0 o 2008: SMS4DC Version 2.0 (Addition of Digital TV planning tools (GE06)) o 2009: SMS4DC Version 3.0 (Addition of Google Earth and monitoring interface) o 2012: SMS4DC Version 4.0 (link to ESMERALDA monitoring software of Thales and additional enhancements to the Version 3 of the software)  Developed to assist the administrations of developing countries to undertake their spectrum management responsibilities more effectively;  SMS4DC covers terrestrial fixed, mobile, sound and television broadcasting services in the bands above 30 MHz, including GE-06 as well as frequency coordination of Earth stations General description of SMS4D C 27

28. System Configuration 28

29. BR-IFIC=ITU Frequency Information Circular SRS=Space Radiocommunication Systems data Core of SMS4DC Structure of SMS4DC software 29

30. Username = sms4dc Password = sms4dc SMS4DC Initial Login Screens Select country 30

31. In SMS4DC each user is granted permission to access only those features relevant to his/her tasks and responsibilities. The following access levels have been implemented in the SMS4DC software:  Data entry (Licensing and Billing): Privileged to read/write licensing and billing data,  Engineers: Privileged to read/write technical data, No read access to administrative data,  Senior operator: Privileged to read/write all data, as well as to manage user IDs and passwords, audit trail and to configure and enjoy any features of software,  Supervisor: The same as senior operator,  Licensing: The same as data entry,  Read-only: Privileged to use software without permission to edit or add any data, Security Mechanisms in SMS4DC 31

32.  Administrative Functions  Graphical User Interface Functions (including Map Displays)  Engineering Analysis Functions Functions of SMS4DC 32

33.  Comprehensive database (MS Access) of user/license details, with data fields in accordance with ITU recommendations;  Provides complete process from: frequency application, frequency assignment, licensing, ITU plans and Bilateral frequency coordination procedures;  Imports coordination data from ITU BRIFIC & SRS CD-ROM database;  Producing electronic notices, print license, invoice & spectrum fee  Security features: The designated system administrator can define an individual account for each SMS4DC user up to 6 levels of access to the different processes (e.g. licensing, assignment etc). Each user account is named and password protected. Administrative Functions 33

34.  User friendly interface with text menus and icon-tool bars;  Display view (1): International Digital World Map (IDWM)  Display view (2): Digital Elevation Map (DEM) (2-D and 3-D)  Data entry/Assigning of new stations on DEM by mouse point- and-click  Export of maps, overlays and vectors to Google Earth Searching and displaying stations on DEM Graphical User Interface 34

35. The IDWM is used to draw political boundaries of countries on the desktop of SMS4DC Display view (1): International Digital World Map (IDWM) 35

36. IDWM Status Bar: Country/Region and Coastal Zones 36

37. DEM is the Global Land One- kilometer Base Elevation model (GLOBE). Display view (2): Digital Elevation Map (DEM) (2-D and 3-D) 37

38. 3D map display 38

39. DEM menu 39

40. DEM menu 40

41. DEM menu 41

42. DEM menu 42

43. Export of maps, overlays and vectors to Google Earth Searching and displaying stations on DEM(1) 43

44. Export of maps, overlays and vectors to Google Earth Searching and displaying stations on DEM(1) 44

45. New station parameters 45

46. EXCERSISE 1 46

47. ANTENNA PATTERN EDITOR 47

48. ANTENNA PATTERN EDITOR Edit E-plane or H-plane by using the value entry box (in Vector format degrees/attenuation) OR Graphically by mouse click on wanted points on the E-Plane or H-Plane display 48

49. ANTENNA PATTERN EDITOR LOAD AND SAVE Existing patterns can be loaded from the SMS4DC/Antenna Folder New patterns can be saved to the SMS4DC/Antenna Folder Antenna files have a *.ant extension 49

50. ANTENNA PATTERN EDITOR 3D DISPLAY Display antenna pattern in colour 3D view. Pattern can be turned and viewed from different angles. Click and hold on display then drag to desired angle. 50

51. EXCERSISE 2 51

52.  Enhanced analysis tools to assist a spectrum engineer in frequency assignment, national and international frequency coordination and interference calculation for the Land Mobile, Fixed and Broadcast services and satellite Earth Station coordination;  Calculation of coverage area, field strength, field strength contour, network coverage and best server calculations.  Coverage area: Item to calculate area in km 2 Where inside the area, the field strength value is higher than a threshold value. Engineering Analysis Functions 52

53.  Maximum Field Strength:Item to calculate and visualize the maximum values produced by more than one transmitting stations at any point inside a predefined rectangular area. 53

54. Best server: Item to calculate and visualize the best serving station at each point among various stations inside a predefined rectangular area. 54

55.  Field strength contour: The contour is the border line which surrounds an area within which the field strength of specific TX station will be above threshold value 55

56.  For fixed service (point-to-point radio links): link budget calculations, link availability, path profiles, Fresnel zone clearance. 56

57. Calculations menu consists of the Following items  Distance (km): Calculation of great circle distance of a path along a line (profile) or polyline in km.  Area (km2): Calculation of area bounded inside a simple polygon.  Azimuth (Deg.): Calculation of azimuth angle of first point in respect to the second point in degrees. General calculations 57

58.  Horizon Distance: This item provides a multi-entry calculator to calculate the horizon distance of antennas of a path as well as their aerial distance on smooth curved earth.  Elevation (Deg): Calculation of elevation angle of path from horizon distance to the line of sight 58

59.  Effective Height : Is defined as its height over the average level of the ground between distances of 3 and 15 km from the transmitter in the direction of the receiver. 59

60. Effective height calculation in SMS4DC 60

61.  Intermodulation: The mixing of transmitter frequencies at a cellular or other wireless site produces intermodulation interference. System nonlinearities in amplifiers, antennas,…etc these frequencies mix to produce other intermod frequencies that may interfere with receivers at the co-location site. In SMS4DC intermodulation Item calculate intermodulation products of up to three independent signals which are suspect to be received by victim receiver as interference 61

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63.  Fresnel Zone: Measure for multipath effect Mostly used for Aperture antenna Number of zone each one represents degree of out phase reflect signal from the LOS signal First Fresnel Zone includes 90% of radiation pattern (LOS component). 63

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65. EXCERSISE 3 65

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