1. Modifying pedestrian behaviour 學生：董瑩蟬

2. Purpose This paper investigated the traffic signal add timer which effect pedestrian crossing behavior or not.

3. Reference Sun et al. (2003) investigated the pedestrian and vehicle on the crossroad behavior. Daamen (2003) investigated the effect factor for pedestrian. Siques (2002) examined the pedestrian behavior at the crossing.

4. Reference

5. Method This paper user surveys method collect data:  Pedestrian attitude survey –Employ interviews: collect 150 person waited and 150 person without waited traffic signal pedestrian. –Record age, sex, crossing status, income group –The walker mean the pedestrian without wait before crossing road. –The waiter mean wait before crossing.  Video survey Investigate use the counter reduction the pedestrian crossing when the red man signal.

6. Method

7. Pedestrian attitude survey Result

8. The waited person 40 % was male and 60% was female. The age has no different at walker and waiter. The 55+ group wait percentage more than walker percentage. The crossing status of unaccompanied was between 91 to 96%.

9. Pedestrian attitude survey Result On the waiter wait green man reason was danger (45% and 36%).

10. Pedestrian attitude survey Result Waiter estimated the wait time less than 1 min that percentage more than 70%.

11. Pedestrian attitude survey Result The walker without wait green man because they feeling they well safe crossing.

12. Pedestrian attitude survey Result The walker estimated the wait time was more than 1 min.

13. Pedestrian attitude survey Result

14. Video survey results Add the counter, the pedestrian crossing road percentage reduction when read man signal.

15. Video survey results The long cycle time were increased the pedestrian crossing when the read man signal.

16. Conclusions Waiter think crossing may danger when traffic signal present red. And they felling the wait time less 1 min. The walker think they can safe crossing when traffic signal present red. And think the wait time was more 1 min. The countdown timer can reduction the pedestrian crossing the road when the signal was red man. The short cycle time also can increased the pedestrian wait green man.

17. My comment There are more traffic signal design to add the counter, that provide pedestrian and driver message to know wait time. But it also has problem that when the pedestrian and driver has time pressure, they may decision more faster. If that is true which may increased the potential risk. This paper did not consider the problem, in the future we can aim this issues study.

18. Evaluation of pedestrian speed in Jordan with investigation of some contributing factors 學生：董瑩蟬

19. Purpose This paper has two purpose there are: –Investigate the pedestrian walking speed –Examine the age, gender, crossing group, street width effect the crossing time or no

20. Reference There are many studies investigated the pedestrian crossing time, but they has different result. FHWA(1988) found walking speed 1.22m/s Dewar(1992) showed that pedestrian walking speed was 0.91 to 0.99 m/s Nitzburg (1996) conclusion older (over 65 years older) walking speed was 1.25m/s,and less 65 years older was 1.51m/s

21. Method This paper employ video method collect data. Data collect at 12 signalized intersection. Data collect about 6 hours at morning peak, afternoon peak and off-peak. Total investigated about 3500 pedestrian.

22. Method Independent variables –Age : five levels include less 20, 21-30, 31-45, 46-65, over 65 –Gender –Group size: three levels include one, two, three or more –Street width: three level include 6-8, 10-12, 14- 16 m Dependent variables –Average crossing speed

23. Result faster slowest

24. Result The street wider the pedestrian crossing speed more faster.

25. Result

26. Conclusions The age group effect the crossing speed. The over 65 was the slower group and the 21-30 was the faster group. The male crossing speed more faster than female. The crossing group size more than three was the slower group. The street width 14-16 m which the faster crossing speed. We found the mean walking speed was 1.34 m/s.

27. My comment This paper showed the over 65 years older was the slower pedestrian. There are some studies found the similar result. (Jose et al.,1998; D.Yagil,2000,Jennifer et al.,2005) Gender effect the crossing time that Gordon et al.(2003) has similar found. The crossing group size effect the crossing speed, that D. Yagil (2000) has similar found the pedestrian tend to crossing when the nearly person crossing.