1. Columbus Discovers the Americas

2. Reasons for European Exploration
The Crusades
Emergence of Strong Central States
The Renaissance
New Technology
Expanding Horizons

3. The Crusades (1095 – 1291)
Brought Europeans into contact with the Middle East
Europeans wanted spices and luxury items from China and India

4. Emergence of Strong States
France, England, Spain, Italy, Portugal
By 1300s feudalism was declining
Kings were becoming more powerful
Trade was booming

5. The Renaissance (1350 – 1600) Rebirth of learning
Read Greek, Roman & Arab texts

6. New Technology
Compass
Astrolabe
Improved ships
(sails, masts, etc.)

7. Expanding Horizons Portuguese explore African coast Reach India
Import gold, ivory, pepper and palm oil

8. Christopher Columbus Born in Genoa, Italy in 1451
Worked as a map maker
1470s – began looking for financial backing to find a western route to India
Wanted:
Title of Admiral of the Oceans
10 % of all the loot
Governorship to his heirs
1492 – Queen Isabella of Spain gave him three ships
Died in 1506, at age 55 depressed & penniless

10. Tobacco
Columbus and other explorers brought back tobacco seeds to Spain
Europeans believed it was a miracle herb which could:
Ward off the plague
Cure sword wounds
Clear congested lungs!!

11. Columbian Exchange

12. Welcome to the Q.A.R. 70’s Dance Party!

13. Q.A.R. 70’s Dance Party!
We need 2 Big Groups and 2 small groups (The Movers & the Shakers) within the big group.
Form 2 lines that face each other.
Movers share ONE question from their list and discuss the answer with their partner across the isle. Repeat this process with the Shakers. (3.5 Mins)
When time is up, the movers slide down one position or (boogie down one position). Shakers stay in place or Shake your groove thang!
The Mover at the end of the line should boogie down between the rows to the other end.

14. Other European Explorers
John Cabot (England)
Vasco Nunez de Balboa (Spain)
Ferdinand Magellan (Spain)
Giovanni Verranzo (France)
Jacques Cartier (France)
Francisco Coronado (Spain)
Sir Francis Drake (England)
Sir Walter Raleigh (England)
Juan de Onate (Spain)
Samuel de Champlain (France)
Amerigo Vespucci
Henry Hudson (Netherlands)
Juan Ponce de Leon (Spain)
Hernán Cortez (Spain)
Francisco Pizarro (Spain)
Hernando de Soto (Spain)

16. European Explorers

17. Spain and the Three G’s
God
Gold
Glory

18. What about the Natives? Indian Slavery War
Encomeinda – a land owner had the right to the labor of all natives who lived on the land
Created by Columbus
Gold Tax
War

19. Priests Priests and missionaries regularly traveled with the explorers
Tried to convert the natives to Christianity
Most were good and honestly tried to help the natives
Others used the cross to justify bad treatment
1514, Pope Leo X declared, “not only the Christian religion but Nature cries out against the slavery and the slave trade.”
Bartolome de las Casas
Priest who tried protecting the rights of Native Americans

20. Disease Disease was the Europeans most formidable weapon
The Indians’ immune system had no defense against diseases such as measles and smallpox
Spread via the trade routes of Indians
Disease killed thousand times more Indians than guns or swords

21. African Slave Trade
Once Native populations had been decimated, the Europeans began turning to Africa for their labor

22. Treaty of Tordesillas

23. Black Legend

24. French Territories
The French claimed the land around the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes
Also claimed the land all along the Mississippi River down to New Orleans
Fishing and trapping for fur were their main enterprises

25. English Territories
The English claimed the land along America’s Eastern coast
They were most interested in settling the land

27. The Lost Colony
1587 – Sir Walter Raleigh sent a group of colonists to what is now Virginia
89 men, 7 women, 11 children
Called their colony Roanoke
1590 – a relief expedition arrived to find no remains of the colony

29. Jamestown