1. The Search for MB Alternatives Continues During 2005. University of Georgia Tifton Campus

2. OBJECTIVES 1.Find effective and economical alternatives 2.Reduce the amount of MB used in GA

3. Efforts Have Focused 1.Fumigants 2.Mulch Types 3.Herbicides

5. Fumigants and Rates (2002 to 2004) 1.Methyl Bromide 2.Chloropicrin 3.Vapam 4.Telone II fb chloropicrin 5.Telone II fb metam 6.Telone C35 fb chloropicrin 7.MIDAS 8.DMDS alone and with chloropicrin

6. Spring 2005 Efforts 1.Replicated small plot research trials 2.Replicated field trials (10-20 acres) 3.Demonstration trials (>120 acres) Evaluated over 30 possible fumigant combinations

7. Fall 2005 Efforts 1.Compared three fumigant alternatives 2.Compared various types of plastic mulch

8. Fumigant Options 1.Telone II fb Chloropicrin fb Vapam

9. Telone II (12 G) fb Vapam (75 G) V4-05, 60 DAT

10. Telone C35 (35 G) fb Pic (150 lbs) V4-05, 60 DAT

11. Telone II (12 G) fb Chloropicrin (150 lbs) fb Vapam (75 G) V4-05, 60 DAT

12. Fumgiant Options* 1.Telone II fb chloropicrin fb Vapam 2.MIDAS (methyl iodide plus chloropicrin) 3.DMDS (dimethyl disulfide plus chloropicrin) 4.MB (methyl bromide plus chloropicrin) 5.None

13. Soil Properties and Application Method Will Play A Crucial Role Picture provided by Tony Weiss, Dow Agro.

14. MIDAS, Bromide, Pic and Exp.

15. Applications of Telone II

16. rototiller blades nozzles for KPAM Vapam Application

17. Second Attempt

18. Metam Application

19. Fall Fumgiant Treatments 1.Telone II fb chloropicrin fb Vapam 2.MIDAS (methyl iodide plus chloropicrin) 3.DMDS (dimethyl disulfide plus chloropicrin) 4.MB (methyl bromide plus chloropicrin) 5.None Rates are broadcast: Telone II 12 G, chlororpicrin 150 lb, Vapam 75 G; MIDAS (50:50 mixture) 350 lbs; DMDS (80:20 mixture) 750 lbs; MB (67:33) 350 lbs.

20. Mulches* 1.Low density polyethylene (2 types) 2.Metalized smooth (2 brands) 3.Metalized embossed 4.VIF (2 brands) LDPE mulch white on black, metalized mulch silver on white, VIF black on black

21. Searching For Methyl Bromide Alternatives To Manage Nutsedge A. Stanley Culpepper and MANY others; University of Georgia Treatments and Fumigants Applied: July 14, 2005 Prelude II Squash Planted on August 10, 2005. Photos taken on August 30, 2005. See Summary Information for application procedures etc.

22. In Field Cooperators Hendrix and Dale John Mirusso Dow Agro Sciences Arvesta Cerexagri

24. MB76 ab MIDAS79 a DMDS69 ab T2+Pic+Vapam77 ab FumigantsLDPE Percent Nutsedge Control by Fumigants. Ponder Farm, 2005.

25. MB76 ab ($450)* MIDAS79 a ($??) DMDS69 b ($??) T2+Pic+Vapam77 ab ($362) FumigantsLDPE Percent Nutsedge Control by Fumigants. Ponder Farm, 2005. *Culpepper’s cost per acre for 2006. Three way 24% cheaper than MB at 350 lb.

26. MB76 de94 ab MIDAS79 cd94 ab DMDS69 e99 a T2+Pic+Vapam77 de87 bc FumigantsLDPE Percent Nutsedge Control by Fumigants Applied Under Various Mulches. Ponder Farm, 2005. Metalized Smooth

27. MB76 cde94 ab82 bc MIDAS79 cd94 ab83 bc DMDS69 def99 a65 ef T2+Pic+Vapam77 cd87 abc63 f FumigantsLDPE Percent Nutsedge Control by Fumigants Applied Under Various Mulches. Ponder Farm, 2005. Metalized smooth embossed

28. MB76 c-f94 ab82 bcd100 a MIDAS79 cde94 ab83 bcd100 a DMDS69 def99 a65 ef98 a T2+Pic+ Vapam 77 c-f87 abc63 f90 abc FumigantsLDPE Percent Nutsedge Control by Fumigants Applied Under Various Mulches. Ponder Farm, 2005. Metalized smooth embossedVIF

29. No fumigant

30. MB 350 lb/A Broadcast, LDPE Mulch White Surface

31. MB 350 lb/A Broadcast, Metalized Smooth Mulch Silver Surface

32. MIDAS 350 lb/A Broadcast, LDPE Mulch White Surface

33. MIDAS 350 lb/A Broadcast, Metalized Smooth Mulch Silver Surface

34. White Surface Telone II (12 Gal) fb Pic (150 lb) fb Vapam (75 G) Broadcast, LDPE Mulch

35. Silver Surface Telone II (12 Gal) fb Pic (150 lb) fb Vapam (75 G) Broadcast, Metalized Smooth Mulch

36. White Surface DMDS 750 lb/A Broadcast, LDPE Mulch

37. Silver Surface DMDS 750 lbs Broadcast, Metalized Smooth Mulch

38. Much research is still needed on metalized mulches: 1.Interval between fumigating and planting.

39. VIFLDPE Telone II fb chloropicrin Transplanted 21 DAT

40. Much research is still needed on metalized mulches: 1.Interval between fumigating and planting. 2.Difficulty to lay. 3.Flaking. 4.Longevity compared to standard LDPE mulch. 5.Verify results noted in this trial. 6.Higher price.

41. MB$748$1008 MIDAS?? DMDS?? T2+Pic+ Vapam $659$920 Fumigants LDPE Cost of Systems Per Acre, 2006. Metalized smooth

42. Can we reduce the rate of these fumigants when applied under metalized smooth mulch?

43. Number of Nutsedge Emerged Through Mulch with Methyl Bromide Applied Under LDPE or Metalized Smooth Mulch. 4 WAT. LTF, Fall 2005. a d b c Plots were 3 beds by 1500 row feet. Counts made on 3 beds 400 row feet.

44. Not Saying There is a Consistent MB Alternative BUT its Time to Try Some Things!! Questions or Comments?