1. Information & Communication Technology (ICT) Books: 1. Management Information Systems James A. O’Brien & George M. Marakas 2. Introduction Of Information System with Supplement James O. Brien & McGraw Hill 3. Management Information System with Supplement David Oslon & McGraw Hill

2. DATA Data is raw, unorganized facts that need to be processed. Data can be something simple random and useless until it is organized.

3. INFORMATION Information is data that has been processed in such a way as to be meaningful to the person who receives it.

4. TECHNOLOGY To changing and manipulating the human environment. Technology includes the use of materials, tools, techniques, and sources of power to make life easier

5. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Basic definition: Information Technology is the branch of engineering that deals with the use of computer and telecommunication to retrieve, store and transmit information.

6. COMPUTER The term computer is derived from the Latin term ‘compute’, this means to calculate. In basic terms, a computer is an electronic device that processes data, converting it into information that is useful to people.

7. Hardware The electrical devices that make up the computer are called hardware. Hardware is any part of the computer you can touch. A computer’s hardware consists of interconnected electronic devices that you can use to control the computer’s operation, input, and output.

8. Software Software is a set of instructions that makes the computer perform tasks. In other words, software tells the computer what to do. (The term program refers to any piece of software). These instructions tell the machine’s physical components what to do, without the instructions, a computer could not do anything at all. When a computer uses a particular program, it is said to be running or executing that program.

9. Types Of Software Most software falls into two major categories: 1.System software 2.Application software.

10. System Software System software is any program (that controls the computer’s hardware or that can be used to maintain the computer in some way so that it runs more efficiently. Examples of operating systems include Windows, the Macintosh Operating System, and Linux. An operating system is essential for any computer, because it act as an interpreter between the hardware, application programs, and the user. When a program wants the hardware to do something, it communicates through the operating system. Similarly, when you want the hardware to do something (such as copying or printing a file), your request is handled by the operating system.

11. Application Software Application software tells the computer how to accomplish specific tasks, such as word processing or drawing, for the user. Thousands of applications are available for many purposes and for people of all ages.