1. Solubility & Equilibrium K sp

2. Solubility & Equilibrium The beginning XY (s) ==> X + + Y - The beginning XY (s) ==> X + + Y -

3. Solubility & Equilibrium The beginning XY (s) ==> X + + Y - As time continues the [ions] begins to increase. The beginning XY (s) ==> X + + Y - As time continues the [ions] begins to increase.

4. Solubility & Equilibrium Greater the chance that they will collide and reform XY (s) <== X + + Y - When it becomes saturated it reaches equilibrium. XY (s) X + + Y - Greater the chance that they will collide and reform XY (s) <== X + + Y - When it becomes saturated it reaches equilibrium. XY (s) X + + Y -

5. Solubility & Equilibrium Equilibrium Constant for Solubility-K sp K sp = [X + ] x [Y - ] y  Solubility = molar solubility = mol/L Be careful ~ sometimes given g/L or have to solve for g/L Equilibrium Constant for Solubility-K sp K sp = [X + ] x [Y - ] y  Solubility = molar solubility = mol/L Be careful ~ sometimes given g/L or have to solve for g/L

6. Solubility & Equilibrium Equilibrium Constant for Solubility-K sp K sp = [X + ] x [Y - ] y 1) Just ions, no solids Equilibrium Constant for Solubility-K sp K sp = [X + ] x [Y - ] y 1) Just ions, no solids

7. Solubility & Equilibrium Equilibrium Constant for Solubility-K sp K sp = [X + ] x [Y - ] y 2) It doesn’t matter if you have stuff on the bottom. Equilibrium Constant for Solubility-K sp K sp = [X + ] x [Y - ] y 2) It doesn’t matter if you have stuff on the bottom.

8. Solubility & Equilibrium Equilibrium Constant for Solubility-K sp K sp = [X + ] x [Y - ] y 3) Not solubility - that’s an equilibrium position(Q) (will more dissolve or not?) Equilibrium Constant for Solubility-K sp K sp = [X + ] x [Y - ] y 3) Not solubility - that’s an equilibrium position(Q) (will more dissolve or not?)

9. Solubility & Equilibrium Equilibrium Constant for Solubility-K sp K sp = [X + ] x [Y - ] y 4) Equilibrium so remember ICE Equilibrium Constant for Solubility-K sp K sp = [X + ] x [Y - ] y 4) Equilibrium so remember ICE

10. K sp Calculations The solubility of copper (I) bromide is 2.0 x 10 -4 mol/L at 25 C. Calculate K sp.

11. K sp Calculations The solubility of copper(I) bromide is 2.0 x 10 -4 mol/L at 25°C. Calculate K sp. CuBr(s) Cu +1 + Br -1 I 0 0 C + x + x E 2.0 x10 -4 2.0 x 10 -4 The solubility of copper(I) bromide is 2.0 x 10 -4 mol/L at 25°C. Calculate K sp. CuBr(s) Cu +1 + Br -1 I 0 0 C + x + x E 2.0 x10 -4 2.0 x 10 -4

12. K sp Calculations The solubility of copper(I) bromide is 2.0 x 10 -4 mol/L at 25°C. Calculate K sp. CuBr(s) Cu +1 + Br -1 Ksp = [2.0 x10 -4 ][2.0 x 10 -4 ] = 4.0 x 10 -8 (no units for K) The solubility of copper(I) bromide is 2.0 x 10 -4 mol/L at 25°C. Calculate K sp. CuBr(s) Cu +1 + Br -1 Ksp = [2.0 x10 -4 ][2.0 x 10 -4 ] = 4.0 x 10 -8 (no units for K)

13. K sp Calculations – Your Turn The solubility of silver phosphate is 1.60 x 10 -5 M. Calculate its K sp.

14. K sp Calculations The K sp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - I The K sp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - I

15. K sp Calculations The K sp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - I00 C The K sp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - I00 C

16. K sp Calculations The K sp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - I00 C +x +2x E The K sp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - I00 C +x +2x E

17. K sp Calculations The K sp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - I00 C +x +2x E +x +2x The K sp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - I00 C +x +2x E +x +2x

18. Ksp Calculations The K sp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - Ksp = [Cu +2 ][IO 3 - ] 2 The K sp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - Ksp = [Cu +2 ][IO 3 - ] 2

19. Ksp Calculations The K sp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - Ksp = [Cu +2 ][IO 3 - ] 2 Ksp = [x][2x] 2 The K sp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - Ksp = [Cu +2 ][IO 3 - ] 2 Ksp = [x][2x] 2

20. Ksp Calculations The Ksp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - Ksp = [Cu +2 ][IO 3 - ] 2 Ksp = [x][2x] 2 1.4 x 10 -7 = [x][2x] 2 The Ksp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - Ksp = [Cu +2 ][IO 3 - ] 2 Ksp = [x][2x] 2 1.4 x 10 -7 = [x][2x] 2

21. Ksp Calculations The Ksp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - Ksp = [Cu +2 ][IO 3 - ] 2 Ksp = [x][2x] 2 1.4 x 10 -7 = [x][2x] 2 1.4 x 10 -7 = 4x 3 The Ksp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - Ksp = [Cu +2 ][IO 3 - ] 2 Ksp = [x][2x] 2 1.4 x 10 -7 = [x][2x] 2 1.4 x 10 -7 = 4x 3

22. Ksp Calculations The Ksp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - Ksp = [Cu +2 ][IO 3 - ] 2 Ksp = [x][2x] 2 1.4 x 10 -7 = [x][2x] 2 1.4 x 10 -7 = 4x 3 x = 3.3 x 10 -3 mol/L The Ksp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - Ksp = [Cu +2 ][IO 3 - ] 2 Ksp = [x][2x] 2 1.4 x 10 -7 = [x][2x] 2 1.4 x 10 -7 = 4x 3 x = 3.3 x 10 -3 mol/L

23. Ksp Calculations The Ksp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - [Cu +2 ]= 3.3 x 10 -3 mol/L [IO 3 - ]=2(3.3 x 10 -3 mol/L) = 6.6 x 10 -3 mol/L The Ksp value of copper(II) iodate is 1.4 x 10 -7 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility. Cu(IO 3 ) 2(s) Cu +2 + 2 IO 3 - [Cu +2 ]= 3.3 x 10 -3 mol/L [IO 3 - ]=2(3.3 x 10 -3 mol/L) = 6.6 x 10 -3 mol/L

24. Ksp Calculations – Your Turn The Ksp of mercury (II) sulfide is 1.6 x 10 -54. Find its molar solubility.

25. Ksp Calculations What does it all mean? According to K sp, EVERYTHING is at least very, very, very, very slightly soluble. Looking at the K sp can help you figure out the solubility of compounds compared to each other – with a couple key rules about doing it! What does it all mean? According to K sp, EVERYTHING is at least very, very, very, very slightly soluble. Looking at the K sp can help you figure out the solubility of compounds compared to each other – with a couple key rules about doing it!

26. Ksp Calculations What does it all mean? 1)Salts that produce the same # of ions can be compared to see which one is the most/least soluble. AgBrvsAgIvsAgCl Ksp values 5.0x10 -13 1.5x10 -16 1.6x10 -10 Appendix A25 What does it all mean? 1)Salts that produce the same # of ions can be compared to see which one is the most/least soluble. AgBrvsAgIvsAgCl Ksp values 5.0x10 -13 1.5x10 -16 1.6x10 -10 Appendix A25

27. Ksp Calculations What does it all mean? 2)If the salts break into different # of ions, you can’t just look. Must calculate. What does it all mean? 2)If the salts break into different # of ions, you can’t just look. Must calculate.

28. Ksp Calculations 2 example problems: Which is more soluble: copper (II) carbonate or cadmium carbonate? Ksp = 2.5 x 10 -10 Ksp = 5.2 x 10 -12 2 example problems: Which is more soluble: copper (II) carbonate or cadmium carbonate? Ksp = 2.5 x 10 -10 Ksp = 5.2 x 10 -12

29. Ksp Calculations 2 example problems: Which is more soluble: tin (II) hydroxide or strontium phosphate? Ksp = 3.0 x 10 -27 Ksp = 1.0 x 10 -31 2 example problems: Which is more soluble: tin (II) hydroxide or strontium phosphate? Ksp = 3.0 x 10 -27 Ksp = 1.0 x 10 -31