2. Analysis of Rankine Cycle with FWHs P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi Engineering solution to Pure Thoughts..…..

3. Regeneration Cycle with Open FWH

4.       ’’  Synthesis of Rankine Cycle with OFWH 5 p 2 =p 6

9. Analysis of OFWH h3h3 h6h6 y h2h2 1-y Conservation of energy:

10. Analysis of Regeneration through OFWH

12. Performance of FWH Cycle p regen, MPa  total ~ 12MPa

13. w bleed Workoutput of bleed Steam p regen, MPa ~ 12MPa

14. w bleed Workoutput of bleed Steam

15. w bleed Workoutput of bleed Steam

16. Progress in Rankine Cycle Year 1907 19191938195019581959196619731975 MW52030601202005006601300 p,MPa1.31.44.16.210.316.215.9 24.1 T h o C260316454482538566 565538 T r o C-- 538 566565538 FHW--23466788 Pc,kPa13.55.14.53.43.7 4.45.45.1 ,% --~1727.630.535.637.539.839.540

17. Open (Direct Contact) Feed Water Heater

18. Closed Feed Water Heater (Pumped Condensate)

19. Closed Feed Water Heater (Throttled Condensate)

20. Closed Feed Water Heater (Expanded Condensate)

21. Thermodynamic Analysis of A Power Plant

23. ANALYSIS OF ‘i th ’ FEED WATER HEATER Mass entering the turbine is STEAM TURBINE y n, h bn y i, h bi y (i+1) h b(i+1) m ie, h fi m i,i, h f(i+1) STEAM IN STEAM OUT  Mass of steam leaving the turbine is

24. RESULTS

27. Condenser Block Diagram of A Large Steam Turbine Reheat Steam HP Main Steam Steam for Reheating IP LP CFWH 6CFWH 5 OFWH 4 CFWH 2 CFWH 1 CFWH 3

28. P low P high

29. Regeneration cycle Reheat-Regeneration cycle Improvement in efficiency due to reheating in a reheat- regeneration cycle

31. Heater Selection and Final Feedwater Temperature In order to maximize the heat rate gain possible with ultra- supercritical steam conditions, the feedwater heater arrangement also needs to be optimized. In general, the selection of higher steam conditions will result in additional feedwater heaters and a economically optimal higher final feedwater temperature. In many cases the selection of a heater above the reheat point (HARP) will also be warranted. The use of a separate desuperheater ahead of the top heater for units with a HARP can result in additional gains in unit performance.

33. Typical Single Reheat Heater Cycle with HARP

34. Effect of Final Feedwater Temperature and Reheat Pressure on Turbine Net Heat Rate

35. Double Reheat Cycle with Heater above Reheat Point

36. Double Reheat Super Critical Plants Net efficiency on natural gas is expected to reach 49%. Net efficiency on coal is expected to reach 47%.

37. Advanced 700 8C Pulverised Coal-fired Power Plant Project