1. Chapter 5
Tissues

2. Epithelial
Covers the body surface and organs, lines the inner cavities, glands
External- protects from drying out, injury, and bacteria
Internal-protection, secretions, specialization (mucus, cilia, microvilli)
Cells packed tightly together, little matrix
Lack blood vessels
Anchored to underlying tissue at basement membrane
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar
Simple (single layer) Stratified (several layers)

3. Simple Squamous Flattened cells Single layer
Found in the body where the layer of cells must be thin to permit efficient diffusion and filtration
Thin, delicate, easily damaged
EX: blood vessels (capillaries) alveoli (lungs) body cavities

4. Simple Squamous Epithelial

5. Simple Cuboidal Single layer, cubed shaped cells
kidneys, liver, ovaries, glands (salivary, thyroid), pancreas

6. Simple Cubodial Epithelial

7. Simple Columnar Elongated, single layer
Frequently secrete a product, also absorption
May be ciliated (fallopian tubes) or non-ciliated
May have microvilli for absorption (intestines)
Wall of the uterus, stomach, small intestines

8. Simple Columnar Epithelial

9. Stratified Squamous Must resist constant wear and tear
Thick with layers
Outer layer of skin is strengthened and toughened with keratin (protein)
Mouth, anus, esophagus, vagina- no keratin here

10. Pseudostratified Epithelium
“appears” to be layered but is not
Cilliated cells line respiratory tract, nasal, trachea, bronchi
Contain goblet cells which secrete mucus and the ciliated cells move debris along the surface

11. Pseudostratified Tissue

12. Transitional Epithelium
Ability to expand and regain its shape
Urinary bladder, uterus, etc.

13. Glandular Epithelium Manufacture and secrete a substance “Gland”
Singular- mucus goblet cell or Group cells
Exocrine- secrete into ducts that open onto surfaces like the skin or digestive tract (Salivary, sweat)
Endocrine- secrete directly into the bloodstream (Thyroid, pituitary)

14. Glands

17. Body Membranes
Lines the internal sides of cavities and surrounds organs; line the tubes that open to the outside
Contain other structures passing through it…blood vessels, nerves, etc.
Divide areas of the body into compartments
Anchor organs to other structures

18. Mucus Membranes
Line the interior wall of organ and tubes that open to the outside
Digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive
Epithelium overlying connective tissue
ET contains goblet cells that secrete mucus
Mucus protects from bacteria and viruses
Mucus in stomach protects from digestive enzymes

19. Serous Membranes
Line the thoracic and abdominal cavities and their organs
Simple squamous overlying connective tissue
Secrete a clear watery fluid that provides lubrication
Pleural membranes in thoracic cavity…pleurisy (infection of the pleural and parietal membranes around the lungs)
Pericardium (surrounds the heart)
Peritoneum –abdominal cavity….Peritonitis- infection of the peritoneum (appendix bursts)
Mesentery- peritoneum doubles back to form support for internal organs (intestines)
Parietal (body wall) … Visceral (organ lining)

20. Synovial Membranes
Line the cavities of freely movable joints (knee, elbow, shoulder)does not contain epithelial tissue…connective tissue (cartilage)
Secrete a clear watery liquid (synovial fluid) that lubricates the ends of the opposing bones….nourishes the cartilage at the ends of the bones
Rheumatoid arthritis- membrane becomes inflamed and grows thicker…fibrous tissue invades the joint and makes the joint bony and stiff

21. Meninges Membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
All connective tissue
Meningitis – infection of the meninges

22. Cutaneous Membrane Skin
Thin outer layer of stratified squamous attached to a thicker layer of connective tissue