1. Seminar-Unit 4 By Verlinda Ruble 1

2. Welcome to Seminar for Unit 4! We will not have a unit 4 seminar this week. However, I have sent this PPT to you all to help you focus on some of the details that will be discussed in your reading. I am looking forward to seeing you all next Wednesday at our live seminar for Unit 5. Please email or instant message if you have questions. Warmly,Verlinda We will not have a unit 4 seminar this week. However, I have sent this PPT to you all to help you focus on some of the details that will be discussed in your reading. I am looking forward to seeing you all next Wednesday at our live seminar for Unit 5. Please email or instant message if you have questions. Warmly,Verlinda 2

3. Agenda Attachment Theory Different attachment behaviors Social Learning Theory Psychosocial Development Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development More Theories Language Development Literacy Development Introduce Unit Five and the Toddler Unit five Assignments Privacy Reminders 3

4. Attachment Theory Bowlby researched mother and babies in the 50’s and 60’s. Institutionally raised infants had difficulty forming solid relationships. Bowlby’s theory: four phases of attachment (Black & Puckett, 2005). 4

5. Bowlby’s Four Phases of Attachment Phase I: Indiscriminate responsiveness to humans in first 12 weeks of life. Phase II: Focus on people within their environment from 3 to 6 months of age. Phase III: Actively proximity seeking at 6 months to 3 years of age. Phase IV: Partnership Behaviors from 3 to end of childhood. (p. 166-167, Black & Puckett, 2005). 5

6. Mary Ainsworth: Different Attachment Behaviors Insecure attachment: anxious and avoidant ( no change when mother left or returned, avoided or ignored both parents and strangers). Secure attachment (observable distress, sought close proximity and physical contact upon mother’s return, mother’s presence gave baby confidence to interact with strangers and environment). Insecure attachment: anxious and resistant (observable distress, sought close proximity upon mother’s return, resisted physical contact with mother, exhibited emotions of anger with mother, remained wary of strangers). (p. 168, Black & Puckett, 2005). 6

7. Social Learning Theory This theory holds that the infant and early child develops as an active participant in learning. The infant or early child will use cognitive abilities to focus on past learning recalling the consequences of a behavior, and future outcomes of a behavior. Reciprocal determinism: social development is influenced by factors in the environment, the baby’s family, and culture. Socialization: values and behaviors are established by what the baby’s family and society deem as appropriate. (p.171, Black & Puckett, 2005). 7

8. Psychosocial Development TemperamentsEmotions Modes of Communication Sense of Awareness Interactions Play Behaviors Consistent and Nurturing Caregivers Bonding and Attachment Environment, social, and cultural factors Safe to explore Foundations for mental health (Black & Puckett, 2005). 8

9. The First Two Stages of Piaget’s Cognitive Development Sensorimotor Stage: This level covers ages 0-2 years. The infant moves from involuntary reflexes to more controlled actions. Preoperational Thought: This level covers ages 2- 7 years. The young child develops language, but can not always express himself in a meaningful manner. The child’s imagination is evident. Simple mental operations can be performed (p. 195, Black & Puckett, 2005). 9

10. More Theories Information Process Theory: Siegler’s theory relates learning to the input that is received through the senses. Learning is a continuous process and based on the cognitive abilities within an age group. Social Interactionist Theory: Bandura’s theory that basis learning on watching and imitating other’s behaviors. Contextualistic Theory: Bronfenbrenner’s theory that basis learning on the influences that the infant is exposed to through family, environment, or culture. (Black & Puckett, 2005). 10

11. Language Development Motherese and fatherese : the mother & father uses baby talk, exaggerations, and vocalizations. Vygotsky: theorized that babies vocalize to self. Six month old Infants: babbling using universal sounds 8 to 12 month olds: learn sounds of native language (Black & Puckett, 2005). 11

12. Literacy Development in the Infant Chants, rhymes, songs Peek-a-boo, and games Baby books Story telling techniques Pictures Point and Name to form visual representations (Black & Puckett, 2005). 12

13. A Few Reminders You might want to consider entering the discussion at least three or four days out of the week to give yourself the opportunity to interact with others more. This will allow you to delve deeper into a topic and get to know others better. This will also alleviate the stress of handing in your assignments at the last minute. Please use “Baby A” or “Baby B” or “Family A” or “Mommy A”. This is a privacy issue with legal implications. DO NOT USE REAL NAMES! 13

14. Assignments for Unit Four Read Chapter 6: pp. 165-171 and pp. 176-189 and Chapter 7: p.196, pp. 198-199, and pp. 207-12 The Unit 4 readings explore the psychosocial and cognitive development of the infant.. Discussion Questions (two for each unit). Seminar Attendance and Participation (Wednesday’s at 8PM Eastern). Videos shows the development of the infant and the cognitive development the infant. Check out Weekly Announcements, Doc Sharing, and Webliography. Your next project is due in Unit 4. 14

15. Project 4: Developmental Stages Chart Look in the text for chart on milestones of development (pp. 138, 208, 220, 228, 398). Chart combines landmarks or milestones in each of the following stages from birth to three years of age: physical and motor development; psychosocial development; and cognitive development. Choose a reasonable sampling from each area; these could be milestones of development that strike you as most meaningful. 15

16. Project 4: Developmental Stages Chart You must download the Developmental Stages Chart and save the graph into a word document. Add the appropriate information into the correct areas (at least 6 milestones for each area) and save your changes. Submit Your Assignment by Tuesday evening into the Drop box. 16

17. The End 17

18. References Black, J.K., & Puckett, M.P., (2005). The young child: Development from prebirth through age eight. Fourth Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Jupiter Images Corporation, (2007). Clipart.com. Retrieved August 28, 2007 from website: http 18