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GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 1 GIS in Prevention.

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Presentation on theme: "GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 1 GIS in Prevention."— Presentation transcript:

1 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 1 GIS in Prevention County Profiles Series, No. 3 Daviess County, Indiana Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP The Indiana Prevention Resource Center at Indiana University is funded, in part, by a contract with the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, financially supported through HHS/Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant. The IPRC is operated by the Department of Applied Health Science and The School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation. THE INDIANA PREVENTION RESOURCE CENTER

2 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation GIS in Prevention County Profile Series, No. 3 Daviess County, Indiana Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP Project Staff: Indiana Prevention Resource Center Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the Trustees of Indiana University or the Division of Mental Health and Addiction. Indiana University accepts full Responsibility for the content of this publication. ©2005 The Trustees of Indiana University. Permission is extended to reproduce this County Profile for non-profit educational purposes. All other rights reserved. Ritika Bhawal, MPH Solomon Briggs Kyoungsun Heo, MPA Srinivasa Konchada

3 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.16 - 6.26 Archival Risk Factors Community Risk Factors: Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.16 Unemployment 6.17 Free Lunch/Textbooks 6.18 Food Stamp Recipients 6.19 TANF 6.20 Adults w/o HS Diploma 6.21 Single Parent Family Households Poverty: Introduction 6.22 Total Poverty and by Age 6.23 Families with Own Children in Poverty 6.24 Poverty by Race 6.25 Single Parent Families in Poverty 6.26 Lack of Health Insurance

4 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.16 Unemployment Rates Extreme deprivation, either due lack of sufficient funds for basic necessities or due to lack of sufficient social support (e.g., parenting, mentoring and role modeling) has known detrimental implications for child development and creates a high risk environment for the community. This section will explore data related to various forms of extreme deprivation in the county. The archival indicators included by CSAP for this risk factor include unemployment, free and reduced school lunch, Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Food Stamp recipients, adults without a high school diploma, and single parent households. To these variables, PREV-STAT™ adds total poverty statistics, child poverty by age group, and single-parent families living in poverty, and lack of health insurance coverage. Table 6.16: Unemployment Rates, January of 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005 from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for county and Indiana reported by www.stats.indiana.edu/laus/laus_view3.html. www.stats.indiana.edu/laus/laus_view3.html Unemployment rates from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Unemployment Rates - Annual (Percents) DaviessIndianaU.S. 20002.8(q)2.94 20013.7(t)4.24.7 20024.0(t)5.25.8 20033.9(t)5.36 20043.6(t)5.35.5 20054.1(d)5.45.1

5 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.17 Free/Reduced Lunch/Textbooks Table 6.17: Percent of Children Eligible for Free Lunches/Textbooks, K-12, 2003 (*Department of Education, Division of School and Community Nutrition Programs, 2004), 2003 (** Ibid., 2005), and the Change from 2003 to 2004. The following table shows the percent of students in grades K-12 who received free lunch and textbooks, according to the Department of Education, and also the change over the past 2 years, for this county and for the state. Free Lunch/Textbook (DOE) DaviessIndiana 200425.226.1 20032524.6 % Change 2003-40.21.5 Rank for 2004 %37

6 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.18 Food Stamp Recipients Table 6.18: Food Stamp Recipients per Month in 2004 (FSSA, Division of Family and Children, 2005) and Rate per 1,000 Total Population for 2004 and 2005 and Change in Rate (calculations from the IPRC based on data from FSSA, Division of Family and Children, 2004 and 2005). CSAP calculates this as the average number of persons who receive food stamps each month, stated as the rate per 1,000 persons in the total population. This statistic for Indiana comes from Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Family Resources Bureau as reported in the Indiana Youth Institute Kids Count in Indiana 2005. The rate calculation comes from the Indiana Prevention Resource Center. The following table shows the rate for 2004 for this county with comparisons for the state and nation. Food Stamps, 2004 (FSSA, Family Resources Bureau, 2006) DaviessIndiana Population, 2004 30,121 6,230,346 Food Stamp Recipients per mo., 2004 2,593 516,360 Rate per 1000 persons, 200486.182.9 Rate per 1000 persons, 200378.473.1 Change in Rate per 1,000 from 2003 to 20047.69.8 Rank for 2004 Rate per 1,000 Persons25

7 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.19 Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF) Table 6.19: Temporary Aid to Needy Families as Rate per 1,000 Total Population (*data from FSSA, Division of Family and Children, 2005) CSAP calculates this indicator as the rate of persons of all ages who participate in the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (TANF in Indiana), stating the rate as the number per 1,000 persons. This table shows the average monthly average statistics for families and for recipients from the county and for Indiana as reported by the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Division of Family and Children. PREV-STAT™ has calculated the rate of TANF recipients per month per 1000 residents of the county. TANF Statistics for 2004 (FSSA) DaviessIndiana Population301216,230,346 Average Monthly Cases25454,330 Average Monthly Persons688155,549 Rate of TANF per 1,000 persons22.825.0 Rank for Rate per 1,000 persons19

8 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.20 Adults w/out a High School Diploma Lack of education places a person at extreme disadvantage in many areas of life, including health and income potential. CSAP calculates this risk factor as the percent of persons aged 25 and older who have reached 9th-12th grades but without obtaining a high school diploma. The following table presents 3 statistics for persons over 25 in the county: the percent who have not completed 9 th grade; the percent who attended high school but did not graduate; and the percent whose educational attainment is less than a high school diploma (the sum of the first 2 statistics), compared with the state and the nation. This information points to need and also is important to prevention planning for marketing and for activities involving parents and other adults. Table 6.20: Adults Who Have Not Finished High School (AGS, 2004 est., 2005) Educational Attainment, 2004 est. (AGS, 2005) Daviess Co.IndianaU.S. Less than 9th grade 11.95.37.6 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 16.612.612 Total, Less Than 9th or less than HS Diploma 28.517.819.6 High school graduate 4037.228.6 Some college, no degree 15.519.821.1 Associate degree 6.65.86.3 Bachelor's degree 5.212.215.6 Graduate or profession degree 4.37.28.9 Rank for % of Pop 25+ w/ less than HS Diploma 526th of 51 Rank for % of Pop 25+ w/ a college degree 6643rd of 51

9 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Education Less Than 9 th Grade AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

10 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Education Less Than 9 th Grade AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

11 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Education Less Than 9 th Grade AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

12 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Education: Less Than HS Diploma AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

13 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Education: Less Than HS Diploma AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

14 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Education: Less Than HS Diploma AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

15 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.21 Single Parent Family Households CSAP calculates this risk factor as the percent of family households with a spouse absent. The following table reports the percent of households with children where one parent is absent. Table 6.21: Single Parent Families (AGS, 2004 est., 2005) In addition to the above risk factors listed by CSAP, PREV-STAT™ includes additional basic demographic statistics on total poverty, child poverty and poverty by age group, single parent families living in poverty, lack of health insurance, and households with no vehicle. Types of Households w/ Children and Median Family Income, 2004 est. (AGS, 2005) County DaviessIndianaU.S. HHs w/ children (2004) 4,114864,29640,102,709 Married Couple Family (Percent) 77.27069 Lone Parent Male (Percent) 5.96.96.8 Lone Parent Female (Percent) 15.621.823.2 Non-family Male Head (Percent) 1.1 0.8 Non-family Female Head (Percent) 0.10.2 Median Family Income 44,70454,39354,087 Rank for Married Couple Family (% of HHs w/ children)2126th of 51 Rank for Median Family Income 8021st of 51

16 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Single Parent Families AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

17 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Single Parent Families (contour) AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

18 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Single Parent Families (prism) AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

19 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Single Moms with Children under 18 AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

20 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Single Moms (contour) AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

21 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Single Moms (prism) AGS, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

22 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6. 22 Community Risk Factor -- Poverty Poverty can be calculated based on the total population or subsets of the population. It can be expressed as a count of persons or as a percent of persons. The poverty statistics presented in this report come from the 2000 U.S. Census, SF3 figures published in 2003. Looking at the total population of persons living in a place, the poverty rate can be expressed as the number or count of persons living in poverty or as the percent of the total population in poverty. For example, in Indiana, as of the 2000 census, there were 559,484 persons living in poverty or 9% percent of the total population. This means that 9 of every 100 persons living in Indiana lived in poverty. By age, 2 of every 100 Indiana children ages 6-17 in the year 2000 lived in poverty, hence 2%. Looking at the population of persons who live in poverty (that 9% of the total population), it can be very useful to understand what their ages are. If we consider all persons living in poverty in Indiana as a group, we learn from the 2000 Census that of that group 11% were between the ages of 0 and 4 years, 2% were 5 years old, 11% were 6-11, and 9% were 12-17 years old. This description of poverty risk factors will report on total poverty and poverty by age group, on poverty and child poverty as percent of all persons living in poverty, poverty by race, and on single parent families in poverty.

23 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.22a Total Poverty and Poverty by Age Table 6.22a: Total Poverty and Poverty by Age as Percent (U.S. Census Bureau, on Stats Indiana website, 2006) The following table shows total poverty and poverty by age of the total population of the county with comparisons to the state of Indiana and the nation. Poverty: Total Poverty and Poverty by Age Group (Percent), US Census DaviessIndianaU.S. Total Persons12.41012.5 0-17 Yrs.18.113.717.6 5-17 Yrs.1611.4n/a Rank for All Persons8 Rank for Ages 0-177 Rank for 5-17Ages2

24 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.22b Total Poverty and Poverty by Age Table 6.22b: Children Ages 0-17 in Poverty as Number and Percent (U.S. Census Bureau, on Stats Indiana website, 2006) The following table shows child poverty for children ages 0-17 as number (of children in poverty) and percent (of children in poverty) for this county. Child Poverty, Ages 0-17, 2003 est. (US Census on Stats IN 2006) DaviessIndiana U.S. Number in Poverty155821707612.9 million Rank for Number26 90% Confidence Interval1,147 to 1,968196,861 to 237,291 Percent in Poverty18.113.717.6 90% Confidence Interval13.3 to 22.812.4 to 14.9 Rank for Percent 7

25 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.22c Total Poverty and Poverty by Age Table 6.22c: Children Ages 5-17 in Poverty as Number and Percent (U.S. Census Bureau, on Stats Indiana website, 2006) The following table shows child poverty for children ages 5-17 as number (of children in poverty) and percent (of children in poverty) for this county. Poverty by Age, 5-17, 2003 est. (US Census Bureau, Stats IN, 2006) CountyDaviessIndiana Number987129,513 Rank25 90% Confidence Interval689 to 1,285114,258 to 144,768 Percent1611.4 Rank among IN counties2 90% Confidence Interval11.2 to 20.910.0 to 12.7

26 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.23 Families w/ Own Children in Poverty Table 6.23: Families with Own Children in Poverty (Claritas 2004 Updates, 2005) The following table of 2004 estimates presents various statistics concerning families with own children that live in poverty: percent of families with own children that live in poverty, percent of married couple families, percent of single fathers, percent of single mothers, and percent of single parents for this county and for the state. Families in Poverty as Percent, 2004 DaviessIndianaU.S. Percent of All Families Below Poverty As Percent of All Families10.97.19.4 Percent of Families w/ Own Children Below Poverty Level As Percent of All Families w/ Own Children16.811.615.1 Percent of Married Couples w/ Own Children Below Poverty104.16.9 Percent of Single Fathers w/ Own Children Below Poverty28.322.125 Percent of Single Mothers w/ Own Children Below Poverty48.934.939.8 Percent of Single Parents w/ Own Children < 18 Below Poverty43.231.836.4

27 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.23 Families w/ Own Children in Poverty Table 6.23: Rankings for Families with Own Children in Poverty (Claritas 2004 Updates, 2005) The following table of 2004 estimates presents various statistics concerning families with own children that live in poverty: percent of families with own children that live in poverty, percent of married couple families, percent of single fathers, percent of single mothers, and percent of single parents for this county and for the state. Rankings of Counties and State for Families in Poverty as Percent, 2004 DaviessIN in US Percent of All Families Below Poverty536 Percent of Families w/ Own Children Below Poverty Level As Percent of All Families w/ Own Children835 Percent of Married Couples w/ Own Children Below Poverty442 Percent of Single Fathers w/ Own Children Below Poverty2032 Percent of Single Mothers w/ Own Children Below Poverty634 Percent of Single Parents w/ Own Children < 18 Below Poverty634

28 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Families with Children in Poverty Claritas, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center No. of Families w/ Children under 18 as Percent of All Families with Children under 18

29 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.24 Poverty by Race Table 6.24: Poverty by Race, 2000 (U.S. Census 2K, SF3 Indiana) In the effort to understand the dynamics a community, its needs and how best to design and carry-out prevention programs to meet those needs, it is helpful to analyze data by many different variables. Poverty is an example of how this principle applies. Rates of poverty differ not only between age groups but also in conjunction with other variables, such as race/ethnicity and marital and parenting status. PREV-STAT™ can help the prevention professional look at such combinations of variables to identify an area of need or to better understand a target audience. First we report on poverty and race, secondly on marital status, parent status and poverty (single parents in poverty). Poverty Statistics by Race (Percent of Group in Poverty), 2000 Daviess Co.IndianaU.S. Black36% 23%25% Asian0% 16%13% Hispanic/Lat ino29% 18%23% White13% 8%9%

30 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.25 Single Parent Families w/ Children in Poverty Table 6.25: Single Parent Families as Percent of All Persons in Poverty (Claritas™, 2004 est., 2005) The following table shows the various types of households with children under 18 living in poverty with comparisons to the state and the nation. Families in Poverty as Percent, 2004 DaviessIndianaU.S. Percent of All Families Below Poverty As Percent of All Families10.97.19.4 Percent of Families w/ Own Children Below Poverty Level As Percent of All Families w/ Own Children16.811.615.1 Percent of Married Couples w/ Own Children Below Poverty104.16.9 Percent of Single Fathers w/ Own Children Below Poverty28.322.125 Percent of Single Mothers w/ Own Children Below Poverty48.934.939.8 Percent of Single Parents w/ Own Children < 18 Below Poverty43.231.836.4

31 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.25 Single Parent Families w/ Children in Poverty Table 6.25: Rankings for Single Parent Families as Percent of All Persons in Poverty (Claritas™, 2004 est., 2005) The following table shows the various types of households with children under 18 living in poverty with comparisons to the state and the nation. Rankings of Counties and State for Families in Poverty as Percent, 2004 DaviessIN in US Percent of All Families Below Poverty536 Percent of Families w/ Own Children Below Poverty Level As Percent of All Families w/ Own Children835 Percent of Married Couples w/ Own Children Below Poverty442 Percent of Single Fathers w/ Own Children Below Poverty2032 Percent of Single Mothers w/ Own Children Below Poverty634 Percent of Single Parents w/ Own Children < 18 Below Poverty634

32 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Single Moms w/ Children under 18 in Poverty Claritas, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center (20) (11) (20) (21) (20)

33 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Single Parents Below Poverty Claritas, Core Demographics, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center No. of Single Parents w/ Children under 18 as Percent of All Single Parents with Children under 18

34 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.26 Lack of Health Insurance Table 6.26a: Insurance Coverage, 2004 (MRI, Consumer Behavior Insurance 2004, 2005) We consider lack of health insurance to be a form of extreme deprivation. Research has shown that two of the strongest indicators of self-reported health status and routine preventative care are having a consistent source of medical care and having health insurance. Where either is absent there is a higher risk of health problems and particularly of not receiving preventative care. Lack of health insurance is often associated with lack of employment or underemployment, poverty, being in transition, and/or undocumented immigrant status. The following table shows rates of health insurance coverage for this county, compared with Indiana and the nation. Percent of Persons 18 and over with No Health Insurance, 2005, est. (AGS, 2006) DaviessIndianaU.S. Current Year Population 18 years and over 21,7004,676,573233,030,794 Percent of Pop 18 and over with No Health Insurance27.2%27.9%33.1% Rank for No Health Insurance 3437th of 51

35 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation 6.26b Source of Health Insurance Table 6.26b: Source of Insurance Coverage, 2004 (MRI, Consumer Behavior Insurance 2004, 2005) The source of health insurance provides insight into the circumstances of the individual. A county where more people are receiving Medicaid or Medicare are more subject to the impact of legislation that would affect those programs. A county where more people are receiving insurance from a union may be impacted by factory closures and outsourcing of jobs. Insurance from jobs is a sign of employment status. The following table shows the sources of health insurance for this county, compared with Indiana and the nation. Health Insurance Source, 2005 est. (AGS, 2006) Daviess IndianaU.S. Member of HMO or pre-paid group health care program18.923.424.3 From a union3.23.63.4 From a place of work41.946.844.9 From fraternal member group0.91 From a union or from work45.250.448.3 Medicaid5.14.44.1 RANK, Src HMO or Pre-Pd Gr Plan7129th of 51 RANK, Src Union or Pl of Wk8520th of 51 RANK, Medicaid4016th of 51

36 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: No Health Insurance AGS, Consumer Behavior, Insurance 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

37 GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (2006) 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation Map: Health Insurance from Union or Work AGS, Consumer Behavior, Insurance 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center


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