1. Families and relationships
Unit 5 Part I
Families and relationships

2. Adolescence and Adulthood
Chapter 16
Adolescence and Adulthood

3. Changes During Adolescence
Physical Changes
Adolescence is the time between puberty and full maturation.
Puberty is the period of human development during which people become able to reproduce.
Hormones are chemical substances made and released in one part of the body that cause a change in another part of the body.
The main male hormone, testosterone, and the main female hormones, estrogen and progesterone, are released at the start of puberty.

5. Changes During Adolescence
Mental and Emotional Changes
A New Way of Thinking : As adolescence progresses, teens are able to think in a more complex way. They can foresee consequences, make more logical decisions, and view situations from other points of view.
A New Way of Feeling: New feelings that arise during adolescence may cause teens to feel alone, insecure, and confused.

6. Changes During Adolescence
Social Changes
As teens grow older, their parents and others expect more of them.
Relationships with friends change and become more important during adolescence.
You can take more responsibility at home, in friendships, and in other parts of life by:
showing concern for how people are doing
listening to others
encouraging others
getting a job

7. Adulthood Young Adulthood
Young adulthood is considered to be the period between ages 21 and 35.
During young adulthood, physical changes slow down and many people enter a period of peak health.
Young adults begin to get a clearer sense of their identity. They begin to relate to their parents on a more adult level.
Young adults learn to value commitment in relationships. They may choose to marry and have a family.
Young adults become financially independent. This can be scary but also fulfilling.
Accidents and injuries are the greatest immediate health risks for most young adults.
Young adults should develop healthy lifestyles to prevent health problems later in life.

8. Adulthood Middle Adulthood
Middle adulthood is considered to be the period between ages 35 and 65.
Physically, muscle tone and strength may diminish during middle adulthood, but they can be maintained with regular exercise.
Menopause is the period of time when a woman stops ovulating and menstruating. This typically happens between 50 and 55.
Middle-aged adults begin to accept mortality as they see friends and loved ones die.
A midlife crisis is the sense of uncertainty about one’s identity that some people experience in midlife. Middle-aged adults may get through this crisis by accepting their maturation.
Middle-aged adults may have a strong sense of identity and be leaders at work and in their families.
Increased responsibilities can sometimes cause stress in middle-aged adults. If they don’t learn to cope with this stress, it can lead to health problems.
Middle-aged adults must watch their diets and exercise to avoid health risks such as cancer and heart disease. Regular doctor visits are important for preventing and treating health problems.

9. Adulthood Older Adulthood
People over 65 may find that they do not recover from illness as quickly as when they were younger.
Older adults are generally more emotionally stable than when younger, but they may also struggle with depression, anxiety, and loneliness.
Older adults may find that their social and financial lives change significantly after they retire.
Alzheimer’s disease is a disease in which one gradually loses mental capacity and the ability to carry out daily activities.

10. Adulthood Healthy Aging
Establishing regular exercise can help you live longer and improve quality of life.
Not smoking reduces the risks of heart disease, cancer, and other diseases.
Not drinking alcohol reduces the risk of death be car accidents, alcoholism, and liver disease.
Maintaining a healthy weight helps prevent diabetes later in life.
Lowering salt intake and eating the right number of Calories for your weight are also important.

11. Marriage, Parenthood, and Families
Chapter 17
Marriage, Parenthood, and Families

12. Marriage Healthy Marriages: Working Together
A marriage is a lifelong union between a husband and a wife, who develop an intimate relationship.
A healthy marriage requires that both partners work together to meet each others’ needs.
A healthy marriage also requires:
Love
Commitment
Compromise
Emotional intimacy

13. Marriage Engagement: Developing Your Relationships
Emotional maturity is the ability to assess a relationship or situation and to act according to what is best. This is important in the engagement period.
During the engagement, couples should discuss:
What are our values and beliefs?
Should we have children?
How will we handle conflict in the family?
Should we both work outside the home?
Where should we live?
What are our economic expectations?

14. Marriage Teen Marriages The stresses of teen marriage include:
independence from parents and family
financial worries
changes in relationships with close friends
possibly delaying education
interaction with in-laws
concern for a spouse’s emotional and physical well-being
possible parenthood

15. Marriage Divorce and Remarriage
A divorce is a legal end to a marriage.
Reasons for divorce include:
abuse or addiction
emotional immaturity
unfaithfulness
communication problems
unfulfilled expectations
different financial habits and goals
When parents get divorced or remarry, teens often face difficult changes and emotions
When coping with divorce or remarriage, keep in mind:
Your parents are doing their best to deal with a difficult time.
Don’t take anger out on others.
Deal with your feelings constructively.
Don’t blame yourself.

16. Parenthood Responsibilities of Parents
During pregnancy, mothers and fathers must avoid drinking, smoking, and taking drugs. These can have serious effects on a developing baby.
Parents must spend lots of time with their children and make sure their emotional needs are met.
Parents must make sure their children are safe.
Parents must have or earn enough money to make sure their children’s basic needs are met.
Discipline is the act of teaching a child through correction, direction, rules, and reinforcement. Proper discipline is important for a child’s maturation.
As children become teens, parents must adapt to the changes, be supportive, and allow the relationship to grow.

17. Parenthood Effects of Parental Behavior
Children are highly attentive to their parents’ behaviors. The way parents behave shapes the way a child feels about himself or herself and shapes the way he or she interacts with the world.
Parental behaviors that build self-esteem include:
giving children time, attention, and physical intimacy
establishing clear rules and limits
listening and communicating with children
praising positive behaviors and good choices

18. Families Family Relationships Are Important Types of Families
Family relationships influence our emotions and help shape our character, positively or negatively.
Family relationships teach us how to love and be loved.
Because families are important, it makes sense to invest time and energy in your family relationships.
Types of Families
A nuclear family is a mother, a father, and one or more biological or adopted children living together.
A blended family is the biological mother or father, a step-parent, and the children of one or both parents.

19. Families Types of Families Characteristics of Healthy Families
A single-parent family is a single father or single mother and his or her children.
Extended families are the people outside the nuclear family but related to it.
A foster family is a person or couple not related to the children that cares for the children temporarily.
Characteristics of Healthy Families
Effective communication
Respect
Commitment
Love

20. Coping with Family Problems
All families have problems sometimes. These problems can arise from stresses inside or outside the family.
More serious family problems may involve abuse.
Sometimes seeking support outside the immediate family can help you cope with family problems.
Family counseling involves counseling discussions that are led by a third party to resolve family problems.