1. CHAPTER 21 SECTION 3 CIVIL RIGHTS

2. AFRICAN AMERICANS SEEK EQUALITY New direction Equality Change social / economic structures New leaders Attention turned to the North

3. THE NORTH De facto segregation Exists by practice and custom Harder to fight – because you had to change peoples attitudes De jure segregation By law “White Flight” moved to Suburbs Decaying slums Deteriorating schools High unemployment Nobody would hire African Americans

4. URBAN VIOLENCE Race Riots Watts, Los Angeles August 11, 1965 Burned business 34 killed 1,000+ injured 3,000+ arrested Wanted economic equality in jobs, housing and education

5. NEW LEADERS Malcolm X (Little) Jailed at 20 Studied teachings of the Nation of Islam Black Muslims Islamic minister preached Whites the cause of black condition Separate from white society advocated Armed self-defense http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRSgUTWffMQ&list=PLFF89 4240659A7ACE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRSgUTWffMQ&list=PLFF89 4240659A7ACE

6. CONT. Broke from Nation of Islam Went on Pilgrimage to Mecca Orthodox Islam Racial equality Attitude towards whites changed new slogan“Ballots or Bullets” “well if you and I don’t use the ballot, we’re goig to be forced to use the bullet, so let us try the bullet” February 21, 1965 Giving a speech in Harlem Shot / killed

7. BLACK POWER James Meredith (Ole Miss) 225 mile walk to racist areas “Walk against fear” Tennessee to Jackson Shot by white racist “We shall overrun” Develop African American Pride http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjvdHaOqiYI People began to shift away from MLK’s peaceful ways

8. BLACK POWER Black Panthers Fight Police brutality Self-defense Self sufficiency Full employment Decent Housing Vietnam Draft Unfair ratio Daycare centers Free breakfast program Free medical clinics Assistance to homeless

9. ASSASSINATIONS April 4, 1968 Memphis, TN Hotel Balcony King is shot = Age of 39 Shooter = James Earl Ray Robert Kennedy That night he made a speech / plea for nonviolence http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6mxL2cqxrA Killed June 1968 Jordanian Immigrant= Upset over Israeli support Riots exploded in over 100+ cities Flames

10. LEGACY Civil Right Act of 1968 Ended discrimination in housing School attendance increased Led to better jobs / business opportunities Greater pride in racial identity By 1970 2/3 (eligible) registered to vote More elected officials Affirmative Action Efforts to hire / enroll groups that have suffered discrimination Reverse Discrimination? Quotas