2. Chapter 20, Section 3: Inventions Change the Nation Main Idea: New technologies transformed American industry and life in the late 1800s.

4. A. Advances in Communication u Telegraph - Samuel Morse (Morse Code) u Transatlantic Cable - Cyrus Field connected U.S. to Europe by telegraph with underwater cable across Atlantic Ocean u Telephone - Alexander Graham Bell (1876) Mr. Watson, please come here. I want you.

5. Alexander Graham Bell Telephone (1876)

6. B. Thomas Edison & the “Invention Factory” u Edison’s lab in Menlo Park, NJ employed teams of experts who refined his ideas & made them real u The “Wizard of Menlo Park” invented light bulb, phonograph, movie projector, & hundreds more u His electric power plant first supplied electricity to businesses in NYC in 1882, then to homes Genius is 1% inspiration… 99% perspiration.

7. The Phonograph (1877)

8. C. Marvels of Technology u Black inventors– E. McCoy (machine oiler), Granville Woods(train telegraph, air brake), Jan Matzeliger (shoemaking machine) u Other Inventions - typewriter, light weight camera (George Eastman - Kodak, 1888) u Refrigeration - Gustavus Swift (RR cars)

9. D. The Automobile u Henry Ford made car affordable for “commoners” “horseless carriage” - 1900:8,000 / 1917:4.5 mill Henry Ford u Mass Production - making large quantities of goods quickly and cheaply (lowers price) 1. Assembly Line - product moves along a conveyer belt while workers add parts to it as it passes by 2. Standardized Parts – parts made identically to each other (interchangeable) 3. Division of Labor - each person does one job over & over & over …

10. Model T Automobile Henry Ford I want to pay my workers so that they can afford my product!

11. E. Mass Production + 1. Provided many jobs 2. Lowered cost of products (supply & demand) 3. More workers meant more people could afford things - 1. Jobs were boring (same thing over & over) 2. Lowered quality of products (workers didn’t care as much) 3. Factories=pollution

12. F. The Airplane u Orville and Wilbur Wright (Ohio bicycle mechanics) u December 17, 1903 - Kitty Hawk, NC - 12 seconds, 120 feet