1. 1 IICWG, October 2007 RCM Capabilities for Ice & Sea-Ice Applications IICWG … G. Séguin, R. Girard, Y.Crevier

2. 2 IICWG, October 2007 Outline RCM Requirements Mission Design Process System Requirements Ice and Sea-Ice User Requirements RCM capabilities for Ice and Sea-Ice Conclusion

3. 3 IICWG, October 2007 RCM Requirements Key Requirements: Continuity of C-band SAR data for main RADARSAT Operational Users. Average Daily Revisit of Canada (read Northern hemisphere) Improved System Reliability Initial requirements were provided in 2003 by DND, DFO, TC and EC-CIS. Ship SurveillancePollution SurveillanceSea Ice & Ice Cover

4. 4 IICWG, October 2007 Mission Design Process Key Mission Documents were produced in collaboration with users and industry. Seven meetings were held with the users to arrive at the final version of URD and MRD at end of Phase A

5. 5 IICWG, October 2007 Users' Applications Areas

6. 6 IICWG, October 2007 Meeting Mission Requirements Mission Requirements were translated from the User Requirements Document by CSA experts: Three satellites Average daily coverage of Canadian waters and regular land coverage Average daily global access Data analyzed in near real time for operational applications 2 to 4-day Coherent Change Detection using SAR interferometry Dual polarization data capability, with experimental quad pol Gradual implementation with launches every 15 months Ground Segment Interoperable with Sentinel-1 (Goal). RADARSAT Constellation daily coverage RADARSAT-1 or 2 daily coverage

7. 7 IICWG, October 2007 System Requirements Bus Canadian Smallsat Bus Launcher DNEPR specifications (for design) can use Vega, PSLV, Falcon V Total Mass < 1300 kg with margin Antenna 9.45m 2 Power <1600 W peak; <220 W average Orbit 600 km, 100m radius orbital tube Polarisation Dual cross selectable pole on all low and medium resolution modes; ‘experimental’ quad pol Imaging Time 12 minutes/orbit (peak 20 minutes every three orbits) 10 minutes continuous imaging Lifetime 7 years (each satellite)

8. 8 IICWG, October 2007 Schedule Jun 05 Apr 08 Jul 09Apr 11 Jun 13 Sep 14 Dec 15

9. 9 IICWG, October 2007 WIND OIL SPILL Ice and Maritime Applications SEA ICE Main operational applications for RCM. Large area to monitor Coverage of Maritime Approach of Canada up to 1200 nm Short Data Latency (10 minute to 3 hours) Seasonal coverage (winter vs summer) SHIPS

10. 10 IICWG, October 2007 Land-Coverage

11. 11 IICWG, October 2007 Ice Requirements CIS was strongly involved in requirement definition process, ensuring that their needs were properly formulated. Beam modes were designed and tested to make sure that final products would be satisfactory.

12. 12 IICWG, October 2007 Compliance to Ice Requirements

13. 13 IICWG, October 2007 Beam Modes for Ice Applications Medium Resolution “50-meter” mode Intended for general purpose maritime surveillance including ship detection, ice monitoring, and ISTOP. 4 range looks, 50 m resolution NESZ of –22 dB 350 km swath 500 km accessible swath “Specialized variants” on Medium Resolution Mode Low Noise mode intended for ice applications 100 m resolution and –25 dB NESZ, 4 range looks and 2 azimuth looks

14. 14 IICWG, October 2007 Data Latency PA: Prince-Albert G: Gatineau E: Esquilmault H: Halifax SJ: St. John's R: Resolute F: Fairbanks Sv: Svalbard W: Whitehorse C: Churchill Northern station is required to meet data latency requirements. Current baseline is to use: Prince-Albert and Gatineau (land), Esquimault and Halifax (maritime) + 1 northern station to meet short data latency.

15. 15 IICWG, October 2007 Ice Products Simulated Medium Resolution mode images. Image quality of the medium resolution appears adequate for ice monitoring

16. 16 IICWG, October 2007 Additional Capability offered by RCM: Coherent Change Detection Satellites fly in the same orbital plane at altitude of 600 km Satellites follow each other with a time separation of ~ 32 min (3 sats) Orbital tube maintained within 200m 12-day repeat-orbit cycle for each satellite Formation of InSAR data pairs every 4-day

17. 17 IICWG, October 2007 SAR Interferometry Capability Coherent Change Detection Applications Measurement of surface deformation (tectonics, hydro-carbon extraction) Measurement of ice motion (glacier, ice streams)

18. 18 IICWG, October 2007 Conflicts with other applications When there is no conflict, dedicated mode can be used  Ship detection: ~80% of the areas of interest can be imaged using a dedicated mode when desired;  CIS: ~30% of the areas of interest can be imaged using a dedicated mode when desired;  ISTOP: 100% of the areas of interest can be imaged using the dedicated mode, since the compromise mode is also the mode most suited to pollution detection. If there is a conflict the medium resolution mode will be used.

19. 19 IICWG, October 2007 Conclusions Ice monitoring is one of the main operational applications for RCM. Needs of Ice Monitoring community have included early in the RCM requirements. System design has carefully been taylored to ensure compliance to ice monitoring requirements. New system will offer improved revisit and similar data quality as RADARSAT. Data latency will be much improved.