1. HISTORY OF THE FIGURE IN ART

2. The representation of the figure in art changes as human needs and artistic expression evolved. Early figure images served only communication and religious purposes. Later, portraits captured images of the living. After the invention of the camera, figure art became highly creative and expressive.

3. Throughout history, figures are represented as drawings, paintings, and sculpture. Sculpture achieved a realistic appearance before drawings and paintings of figures. However, drawing and painting used modern art styles to illustrate the figure before sculpture.

4. PREHISTORIC FIGURES Line drawings of figures, similar to “stick figures.” Told stories and communicated before written language.

7. PRE-COLUMBIAN FIGURES Figures were mostly stylized sculptures. Represented gods and other deities for worship and ceremonies.

8. Mexican funerary urn Zapotec Culture (100-700 CE)

9. Moche portrait vase, Peru Sculpture, pre-inca culture, Peru

10. Figure Drawings on a Codex Codex Mendoza, depicting the founding of Tenochtitlan, Mexico

11. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN FIGURES Figure drawings were flat looking, with heads and feet in profile, while the body faced forward. Most important figures were shown larger than others.

12. Profile head Forward facing torso Profile legs & feet

13. Queen Nefertiti

14. Fresco in the temple of Queen Hatshepsut, (god with falcon head is Horus)

15. ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN FIGURES Figures were often used in storytelling, especially mythology. Drawings were still flat looking, but sculptures were very realistic. Figure sculptures showed the classical “contraposto” pose and realistic looking drapery.

16. Storytelling on Ceramic Vases & Urns

17. Figures from Mythology

18. Very realistic figure sculpture

19. Eyes were blank or hollow “Windows to the Soul”

20. “Contrapposto” Pose Realistic looking drapery

21. Medieval Period (400- 1200CE) Figures were beginning to develop a little more in form. Used in picturing religious and medieval scenes.

22. Lack of Perspective

23. Old looking children

24. Mosaics & Tapestries

25. Illuminated Manuscripts

26. RENAISSANCE Art 1400-1600 CE With the discovery of perspective, figures had more realistic form. Not just religious images, portraits of wealthy and middle class Leonardo da Vinci, Michaelangelo, Rafael, Boticelli, Titian

27. Christ Handing the Keys to St. Peter by Pietro Perugino (1481-82)

28. School of Athens, by RaphaelSchool of Athens, by Raphael

29. Death of St. Sebastian by Giovanni Bellini

30. Albert VII, Archduke of Austria and Marie de Medici By Peter Paul Rubens, 1615- 1632 - Who were these portraits made for?

31. Children became younger looking, subjects more personal The Artist’s Family, Hans Holbein the Younger, 1528

32. 18 TH CENTURY FIGURES Portraiture continued to be popular, sometimes including land, house, pet, or other prized possession. Figure painting also provided entertainment or delivered a message.

33. “Robert Andrews and His Wife” by Thomas Gainsborough

34. Children now looked like their appropriate young age

35. Storytelling and current events Watson and the Shark, John Singleton Copley, 1778

36. Battle of Monmouth, Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1852

37. 19 TH CENTURY FIGURES The invention of the camera had a profound effect on figures in art, especially portraiture. Artists began painting “genre” (figures in everyday life situations). More painting of street scenes Figure painting and sculpture changed from realistic to more impressionistic styles.

38. Impressionism Croquet Players, Winslow Homer, 1865

39. Renoir, the Luncheon Boating Party, 1881

40. The Harvest, Camille Pissarro, 1889

41. The Young Mother, Mary Cassatt, 1900The Young Mother, Mary Cassatt, 1900

42. 20 th century depiction of the figure Abstracted (flattened, simplified,deconstructed) Expression of inner life and feelings More artists from varied backgroundsreflecting their own experiences Social commentary, feminism, anti-racism Daily life and impact of technology

43. 20 th century Pablo Picasso - Cubism

44. Advard Munch, The Scream Andre Derain Woman with blouse, Expressionism

45. “ Unique Forms of Continuity ” by Umberto Boccioni, 1913 Abstraction, Modernism, Influence of Technology

46. Rene Magritte, Golconde Surrealism Rene Magritte, The Son of Man

47. Kara WalkerKara Walker Allan Rohan Crite, 'School's Out,' 1936

48. In short, a HUGE variety! We will talk about the twentieth century another time.