1. TO LIVE IS THE RAREST THING IN THE WORLD. MOST PEOPLE EXIST. THAT IS ALL. -Oscar Wilde-

2. WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR A SOLUTION?

3. A HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE

4. WE DISTINGUISH TWO PARTS TO A SOLUTION. WHAT ARE THEY?

5. SOLUTE (MINOR COMPONENT) SOLVENT (MAJOR COMPONENT)

6. BASED ON CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICITY, WE CLASSIFY SOLUTES INTO THREE TYPES. WHAT ARE THEY?

7. NONELECTROLYTE WEAK ELECTROLYTE STRONG ELECTROLYTE

8. GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF EACH.

9. NONELECTROLYTE – SUGAR, ETHANOL WEAK ELECTROLYTE – A WEAK ACID OR A WEAK BASE, E.G., ACETIC ACID AND AMMONIA STRONG ELECTROLYTE – A SOLUBLE SALT, A STRONG ACID, AND A STRONG BASE, E.G., SODIUM CHLORIDE, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, SODIUM HYDROXIDE

10. A REACTION THAT GIVES UP HEAT TO THE SURROUNDINGS IS CALLED AN ____________ REACTION. A REACTION THAT ABSORBS HEAT FROM THE SURROUNDINGS IS CALLED AN ____________ REACTION.

11. A REACTION THAT GIVES UP HEAT TO THE SURROUNDINGS IS CALLED AN EXOTHERMIC REACTION. A REACTION THAT ABSORBS HEAT FROM THE SURROUNDINGS IS CALLED AN _ENDOTHERMIC REACTION.

12. MOST SUBSTANCES THAT ARE SOLUBLE HAVE _______________ SOLUTION REACTIONS.

13. MOST SUBSTANCES THAT ARE SOLUBLE HAVE _EXOTHERMIC_ SOLUTION REACTIONS.

14. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING CONCENTRATION UNITS: a.% BY MASS b.% v/v c.MOLE FRACTION d.MOLARITY e.MOLALITY

15. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING CONCENTRATION UNITS: a.% BY MASS – (mass of solute/total mass) x 100 b.% v/v – (volume of solute/volume of solution) x 100 c.MOLE FRACTION - # moles solute/total # moles d.MOLARITY - # moles solute/# liters solution e.MOLALITY - # moles solute/# kg solvent

16. WHAT EQUATION WOULD YOU USE FOR A DILUTION PROBLEM INVOLVING MOLARITY?

17. M 1 x V 1 = M 2 x V 2

18. 20 g OF MgCl 2 ARE DISSOLVED IN 200 g H 2 O. WHAT IS THE % MgCl 2.

19. % MgCl 2 = (mass MgCl 2 / total mass) x 100 Total mass = 20 g + 200 g = 220 g % MgCl 2 = (20 / 220) x 100 = 9.09%

20. IF 30 ml OF ETHANOL ARE DILUTED TO A TOTAL VOLUME OF 400 ml WITH WATER, WHAT IS THE % v/v OF ETHANOL?

21. % v/v = (30 / 400) x 100 = 7.5%

22. 15 g of MgSO 4 ARE DISSOLVED IN ENOUGH WATER TO GIVE A TOTAL SOLUTION VOLUME OF 250 ml. WHAT IS THE MOLARITY OF MgSO 4?

23. MOLARITY = # moles solute/# liters solution You need to convert grams MgSO 4 to moles. Mass of 1 mole = formula mass = 24 + 32 + 64 = 120 g/mole # moles = 15/120 = 0.125 Molarity = 0.125/0.25 = 0.5 M

24. HOW MANY ml OF 12 M HCl WOULD YOU NEED TO DILUTE TO MAKE 500 ml OF 0.5 M HCl? M 1 X V 1 = M 2 X V 2 12 X V 1 = 500 X 0.5 V 1 = 250 / 12 = 20.8 ml

25. HOW MANY MOLES OF BaCl 2 DO YOU HAVE IN 100 ml OF A 0.6 M SOLUTION? HOW MANY grams?

26. # MOLES = MOLARITY X VOLUME IN LITERS = 0.6 X 0.1 = 0.06 moles MASS OF 1 MOLE = 137+71=208g/mole #g=208x0.06=12.48g

27. WHAT ARE COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES?

28. PROPERTIES THAT DEPEND ON THE NUMBER OF SOLUTE PARTICLES, NOT THE TYPE.

29. NAME 3 COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES.

30. VAPOR PRESSUER LOWERING BOILING POINT ELEVATION FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION OSMOTIC PRESSURE

31. HOW DO YOU CALCULATE CONCENTRATION IN MOLALITY, m?

32. MOLALITY = m = # moles solute/ # kg solvent

33. WHAT IS THE VANT HOFF FACTOR?

34. IT IS A FACTOR INTRODUCED INTO THE FREEZING POING DEPRESSION EQUATION AND THE BOILING POINT ELEVATION EQUATION TO CORRECT FOR THE NUMBER OF PARTICLES A FORMULA UNIT OF THE SOLUTE BREAKS INTO.  T b = iK b m or  T f = -iK f m

35. http://www.chemteam.info/Solutions/Solutions.html GREAT TUTORIAL WEB SITE FOR SOLUTIONS.