1. What is DNA? DNA is a molecule that contains ALL of an organism’s genetic material and is therefore responsible for HEREDITY A strand of DNA contains many GENES all of which code for PROTEINS Each of these proteins has a different function in a cell

3. Two scientists, James Watson and Francis Crick, were the first to discover the structure of DNA They referred to it as a DOUBLE HELIX because it contains two complementary strands, each of which is shaped like a spiral staircase

4. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA is made up of 3 main components: Deoxyribose – a sugar molecule Phosphates – which make up part of the backbone Nitrogenous bases – Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine

5. Where is DNA found?

7. How can we extract DNA from a cell?

8. DETERGENT (or soap) is used to LYSE (cut up) the cell membrane.

9. Sodium Chloride = NaCl The salt binds to the phosphate groups on the DNA strand and causes many DNA molecules to bind together

10. Ethanol (a type of alcohol) is used in DNA extraction. It forces the DNA to PRECIPITATE out of the solution When alcohol is added to your DNA solution, you will notice that 2 separate layers form. The place where these two layers meet is called the INTERFACE The interface is where you will be able to find the DNA you have extracted