1. Quantitative Research Statistics are like a bikini. What they reveal is suggestive, but what they conceal is vital Aaron Levenstein

2. Constructs to understand Hypotheses Survey instruments Reliability / validity Sampling Independent / dependent variables Statistical applications

3. Hypotheses Statement which poses a relationship between two or more variables Variable - any distinguishable /distinguishing property of interest to the researcher e.g. height,weight,gender, personality traits

4. Methods Descriptive - a research plan undertaken to define characteristics or relationships, or both among variables based on systematic observation of these variables in a controlled atmosphere Experimental - a research plan undertaken to test relationships among variables based on systematic observation of variables that are manipulated by the researcher.

5. Variables Independent - a phenomenon that is manipulated by the researcher and that is predicted to have an effect on another phenomenon Dependent - a phenomenon that is affected by the researcher’s manipulation of another phenomenon Stacks & Hawking 1999

6. Variables Independent - influence changes in another variable (predictor variable) Active / Attribute variables Dependent - are changed or influenced by another variable (criterion variable)

7. Example “Communication apprehension is influenced by gender?” Independent variable? Dependent variable?

8. Example “What effect does teacher gender have on student learning?” Independent variable? Dependent variable?

9. Example “How does coaching communication style influence student athlete performance?” Independent variable? Dependent variable?

10. How do individuals with different levels of empathy strategize to dissolve romantic relationships? This research project studies how individuals with different empathy types strategize to dissolve romantic relationships. Individuals empathy styles (emotional contagion or empathic concern) were measured and compared to dissolution strategies of behavioral, de-escalation, negative- identity, justification and positive tone strategies.

11. The Impact of sex and situational cues on the endorsement of traditional gender-role attitudes and behaviors in dating couples This investigation examines the effects of sex of participant, sex-role orientation and conversation topic on women’s and men’s endorsement of traditional gender-role attitudes and behaviors within intimate relationships.

12. Lying to get a date: the effect of facial physical attractiveness on the willingness to deceive prospective dating partners This research explored the extent to which people use deception to initiate a date with opposite-sex prospects who varied in facial physical attractiveness. Participants reviewed profiles of prospective dates varying in facial attractiveness, described their own personal characteristics and rated their willingness to lie to make themselves appear more desirable. Both men and women deceptively altered their self-presentation expressivity and love attitudes to more attractive prospects and reported being more willing to lie about their personal appearance, personality traits, income, past relationship outcomes, career skills and intelligence to prospective dates who were higher in facial physical attractiveness.

13. Extradyadic Involvement During Dating College student men (n=299) and women (n=392) reported their experiences with extradyadic dating (ED) and sexual activity. The authors also investigated the relationships between ED activity and religiosity, sex-love-marriage association beliefs, narcissism, sexual sensation seeking, game-playing orientation, and self-perceived ability to deceive one’s dating partner. Despite normative disapproval for Ed activity, a majority of respondents reported having had ED involvement while dating.

14. Attachment Styles and Intimate Television Viewing: Insecurely Forming Relationships in a Parasocial Way Attachment Theory was investigated as an alternative interpersonal theory for understanding how audience members form parasocial relationships with tv personalities. Results reported evidence that attachment styles are related to parasocial behavior. Anxious ambivalents were more likely to form parasocial bonds.

15. What’s Love Got to do with it? Exploring the impact of maintenance Rules, Love Attitudes, and Network Support in Friends with Benefits Relationships. FWBR’s are defined as relationships between cross-sex friends in which the friends engage in sexual activity but do NOT define their relationship as romantic. This study explored the relationship between FWBR’s and maintenance rules, love attitudes, and network

16. Independent Variables _____ Male _____ Female

17. Independent Variables ________ Freshman ________ Sophmore ________ Junior ________ Senior

18. Independent Variables _____ Casually dating (you are not seeing each other exclusively) _____ Exclusively dating (not seeing anyone else, but not necessarily considering marriage) _____ Seriously dating (you and your partner are considering marriage) _____ Engaged (you and your partner have made a formal commitment to marriage) _____ Married