1. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S1 A Workshop to investigate how might we apply/combine a Bourdieu-ian theoretical framework to/with our own empirical research Facilitators: Michael Stevens & Stephen McTaggart : PhD Candidates, Dept of Sociology The University of Auckland SAA(NZ) Conference : Hamilton New Zealand 2006 ‘ Theory without empirical research is empty. Empirical research without theory is blind (Bourdieu 1988)’.

2. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S2 Suggested Bourdieu Workshop Structure IntroductionsIntroductions Michael &Stephen outline their work in relation to Bourdieu’s theory/practice (5 minutes each)Michael &Stephen outline their work in relation to Bourdieu’s theory/practice (5 minutes each) Roundtable discussion of all attendees’ research/theory/practice issuesRoundtable discussion of all attendees’ research/theory/practice issues Discussion/canvas the operation and benefits of disciplinary or departmental reading/discussion groups for graduate and postgraduate students and If time allows discuss the development of an electronic discussion board to foster continuing collegiality amongst senior students.Discussion/canvas the operation and benefits of disciplinary or departmental reading/discussion groups for graduate and postgraduate students and If time allows discuss the development of an electronic discussion board to foster continuing collegiality amongst senior students. ‘Theory without empirical research is empty. Empirical research without theory is blind (Bourdieu 1988)’.

3. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S3 Class structuration in New Zealand: Bourdieu, cultural capital and correspondence analysis resentation: SAANZ Hamilton NZ 2006 Bourdieu workshop presentation: SAANZ Hamilton NZ 2006 Stephen McTaggart, PhD candidate. Dept Sociology, Research Fellow: Social Statistics Research Group University of Auckland University of Auckland

4. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S4 Bourdieu: Transmission of Class inequalities Reproduction, persistence and transmission of class inequalities/stratification from differences found and marked in social interaction of actors/groups of actors Relationships and social actions reflect, differentiate and renew class positions Bourdieu’s expansion on Marx’s Capital: Access to and utilisation of multiple capitals Economic Social Cultural Symbolic Linguistic

5. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S5 NZ Household census:20 year period (1981–2001) Data types: Marriage/cohabitation status Employment/Occupation Ethnicity Immigration (Education) Initial investigation: 1981–1991–2001 Censuses Marriage/cohabitation Employment/Occupation variables (Full- and part-time employment)

6. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S6 NZSCO Occupational Categorisations Major Occupations: 2001 Census 1 Legislators, Administrators and Managers 2Professionals 3Technicians and Associate Professionals 4Clerks 5Service and Sales Workers 6Agriculture and Fishery Workers 7Trades Workers 8 Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers 9 Elementary Occupations (incl. Residuals) Examples of Occupational categories (Major aggregation) Reflective of tasks expected, skills required and educational level expected Ordinal listing as reflective of Social order/Class structure/Social capital Based on ISCO schema

7. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S7 Correspondence Table: 2001 Census Major level NZ Census 2001: RR tableFemales Major_2 Males Major_2123456789 Row Totals 1 Legislators, Administrators and Managers1963213686935417805892513385071305154574100 2 Professionals618921729808510806472270831264280453997 3 Technicians and Associate Professionals515198528904109595946636378852107443755 4 Clerks1785321326195760311428215969986718501 5 Service and Sales Workers32914401362466308100414261858107428656 6 Agriculture and Fishery Workers23314797301849594584166831831023126038829 7 Trades Workers6840875481931801512723126917132760321963480 8 Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers394550285247108991098016896425199442848060 9 Elementary Occupations (incl. Residuals)169520942130456943625162401179308419875 Column Totals50862735575117790405634532353543951452017355389247

8. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S8 Correspondence analysis 1981–1991–2001 Censuses Non Controlled 2001 1991 1981 Major_1 Major_2

9. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S9 198120011991 Major_1 Major_2 Correspondence analysis 1981–1991–2001 Censuses Controlling for ‘specialities’

10. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S10 Conclusion Examination of social stratification/Homogamy in NZ over 20 years (1981–2001) Bourdieu’s habitus/field/multiple capital approach to social stratification Looking at levels of social interaction between couples in the 1981, 1991 and 2001 Census data Using correspondence analysis/NZ census data Early Findings –1981, 1991 and 2001 data indicate relative closeness between couples of similar occupations Building the Camsis scale for NZ

11. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S11 The Social and Cultural Context of Recent HIV Infection in Aotearoa/New Zealand resentation: SAANZ Hamilton NZ 2006 Bourdieu workshop presentation: SAANZ Hamilton NZ 2006 Michael Stevens, PhD Candidate Dept Sociology University of Auckland

12. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S12 The Problem –Recent epidemiological trends indicate spikes in new seroconversions after a period of levelling in the early 1990s, and new infections have been noted among those who were, at the time of their infections, well aware of HIV transmission risks. –This is a puzzling reality with which to grapple. One can certainly understand how a 20-year-old gay man became infected in 1981 when no one was aware that the virus even existed, but what is the explanation of the 20-year-old who seroconverts in 2001? –If we posit that the majority of new infections among gay men in our country are the result of unprotected sexual intercourse – condomless sex – then why does this phenomenon continue to exist if gay men are well aware that such behaviour places their health at risk? (Shernoff 2006)

13. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S13 The Central Question These trends seem true in NZ, Australia, the USA, the UK, Canada, EuropeThese trends seem true in NZ, Australia, the USA, the UK, Canada, Europe Is this symptomatic of a larger cultural shift in our world and the understandings and social location of gay men and MSM?Is this symptomatic of a larger cultural shift in our world and the understandings and social location of gay men and MSM? If so, what are the policy and public health implications?If so, what are the policy and public health implications?

14. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S14 Applying Bourdieu –Doxa –Field –Capital –Habitus

15. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S15 Doxa –How does thinking in terms of doxa help explain social changes? –Older doxa one based in communal understandings of what being a gay man is –This doxa challenged and superseded by neo- liberal doxa

16. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S16 Field and Capital –Doxa helps to shape how the field is and how the rules are deployed in the field –A shift in doxa changes the way the field is seen and moved on –A shift in doxa also changes how capital is viewed and used within the field

17. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S17 Habitus –The shift to a neo-liberal doxa also has an effect on habitus –The development of a neo-liberal habitus affects MSM behaviour with regard to HIV in very important ways

18. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S18 Theoretical Scheme FIELD capital DOXA HABITUS

19. © Department of Sociology, The University of Auckland S19 Conclusion The supple yet strong combination of theory and practice he offers gives a strong sociological theoretical framework with which to examine this situation