1. OVERVIEW OF HUMAN ANAOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 1

2. OVERVIEW Anatomy is the study of structure Physiology is the study of function Form follows function - function follows form

3. ORGANIZATION Human body is complex Adjusts to environment at atomic level SystemSystem OrganOrgan TissuesTissues CellsCells MoleculesMolecules AtomsAtoms

4. ORGAN SYSTEMS Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Immune Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive

5. INTEGUMENTARY Protection Thermoregulation Detects external environment Cushions Vitamin D production

6. SKELETAL SYSTEM Protection Cushioning Mineral storage Blood cell formation System of levers

7. MUSCULAR Body movement Movement of blood and lymph Facial expressions Lifting of objects Sitting, standing, squatting

8. Nervous Uses neurotransmitters Responds to changes in environment rapidly Assesses stimuli and determines reaction Maintains homeostasis

9. ENDOCRINE Uses hormones to respond to internal changes Responds to changes slowly Regulates: urine output, reproduction, growth, development,digestion, blood pressure, responses to stress Maintains homeostasis

10. CARDIOVASCULAR Transports: nutrients and cell waste oxygen and carbon dioxide hormones proteins RBCs and WBCs

11. LYMPHATIC & IMMUNE Lymphatic filters and returns extracellular fluid to the blood stream Immune system monitors blood and lymph for: Toxins, Drugs & Chemicals Bacteria, Virus & Parasites Cancer

12. RESPIRATORY Exchange of gases (O 2 and CO 2 ) Maintains acid base balance of blood

13. DIGESTIVE Breaks down and metabolism of ingested food Excretion of solid waste

14. URINARY Maintains: blood volume and pressure acid base balance of blood electrolyte balance Excretion of liquid waste

15. REPRODUCTION Production of secondary sexual characteristics Gamete production and development Development of the fetus

16. MAINTAINING LIFE For Life Maintain boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion of waste Reproduction Growth

17. MAINTAINING LIFE SURVIVAL NEEDS Nutrients Oxygen Water Body temperature Atmospheric pressure

18. HOMEOSTASIS Responds to changes in internal environment Internal environment maintained within a narrow range Steady state or dynamic state rather than equilibrium All systems work together 3 components: receptor, command center, effector

19. HOMER-OSTASIS Receptor Command CenterEffector

20. HOMEOSTASIS

21. FEEDBACK MECHANISMS Positive feedback -change in a variable in any direction Negative feedback -slows or stops a change in a variable

22. BODY CAVITIES

23. MEDICAL IMAGING Commuted Tomography (CT) Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Ultrasound Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Doppler Imaging