2. World Youth Report 2005 10-Year Review of the World Programme of Action for Youth

3. This presentation 1. Introduction and concepts 2. Highlights of the World Youth Report 2005 (E/2005/7) 3. Recommendations of the report 4. Next steps

4. 1. Introduction and concepts

5. What is youth? A statistical definition: 15-24 years A period of transition from protection in childhood to self-determination in adulthood Why does the concept change? Changes in historical age Changes in social age

6. How do youth fit in globally? Children (<15)1.8 billion30% Youth (15-24)1.1 billion18% Adults (25-64)2.8 billion46% Elderly (65>)0.4 billion7% Total6.1 billion100%

7. Over 1 billion youth – 85 per cent in the South Asia and the Pacific659 million Africa161 million Latin America and the Caribbean 101 million North America42 million Europe100 million

8. 2. Main highlights of the Report

9. Ten priorities of the United Nations for youth 1. Education 2. Employment 3. Hunger and poverty 4. Health issues 5. The environment 6. Drug abuse 7. Delinquency 8. Leisure 9. Girls and young women 10. Participation in decision-making

10. Three clusters Youth in the global economy Poverty, education, employment Youth in civil society Environment, leisure, participation Youth at risk Health, drugs, delinquency, girls and young women

11. Youth in the Global Economy Hunger and Poverty Education Employment

12. Hunger and Poverty

13. How many young people live in poverty? Undernourished: up to 160 million On <$1 per day: 206 million On <$2 per day: 515 million World Youth Report 2005, Table 1, page 5

14. Coping with poverty Labour: “forced” entrepreneurship and self- employment in the informal sector Migration of young workers: Domestic: rural-urban migration (50-50 point rural/urban population was reached in 2002) International migration (175 million migrants in 2002)

15. Education

16. Education – The Good News The “best-educated generation” ever : Since 1995, more children than ever complete primary school Four out of five eligible youth are in secondary education Some 100 million youth currently in tertiary education

17. Education – The Bad News Large differences globally: 130 million children currently not in school 133 million youth are illiterate Large gender differences Large differences between groups of countries

18. Employment

19. 88 million young people were out of work in 2004 (up from 58 million in 1995) Youth unemployment has a lasting impact on a young life Youth are almost half of the world’s unemployed Globalization forces young people to become increasingly competitive internationally

20. Youth unemployment The international response: An increased notion of a demographic bulge with dangers for stability and security World Summit for Social Development MDG 8: Partnership for Youth Employment (YEN)

21. Youth in Civil Society Youth and the environment Leisure-time activities Participation in decision-making

22. Youth and the environment

23. Youth have a special concern for the environment Youth have a special responsibility for the environment Messages in the media and the education system are most crucial to activate young people’s involvement But participation in decision-making is essential.

24. Leisure

25. Leisure-time activities Leisure = discretionary hours not in school and not in paid work Is beneficial for the young person’s development and promotes social integration and cohesion of society

26. Participation in decision- making

27. Youth participation, through dialogue and consultation, promotes social integration and cohesion in society New forms of participatory structures among youth in the past ten years: away from membership-based organizations towards looser, network-based structures Yet, still very active student movements that bring about social change

28. Youth at Risk Health Drug abuse Juvenile delinquency Girls and young women

29. Young people and health

30. Some health risks of young people: Reproductive health risks Unsafe sex, contraception, teenage pregnancy Behavioral risks: 1 million deaths worldwide Accidents Violence Alcohol, tobacco, and drugs Risk of poverty-related disease Pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, measles, HIV/AIDS

31. Drug abuse

32. Most alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use starts during adolescence Supply side: slow progress on restrictions (curbs on advertising and marketing), yet more choice of drugs Demand : Globalization of demand for drugs among young people (more high rates in ever-more countries)

33. “Typical” lifetime drug use rates, youth age 15-16, OECD countries _____________________________ Alcohol: 68 to 98 per cent Tobacco: 47 to 86 per cent _____________________________ Cannabis: 35 to 43 per cent Inhalants: up to 22 per cent Ecstasy: 4 to 5 per cent _____________________________ Conclusion: Many young people have been in contact with drugs Source: World Youth Report 2003, Chapter 6 table 3

34. Juvenile Delinquency

35. Young people are more likely to commit an offense than any other group Source: U.S. Census estimates, 1999 Uniform Crime Report

36. Juvenile Delinquency Most young people will eventually desist from criminal or deviant behavior Some delinquency takes place in youth subcultures (gangs) Policy option: “Deter and incapacitate” or “engage and rehabilitate”

37. Girls and young women

38. Gender-based stereotyping, including discrimination Unequal treatment in the worlds of education and work Access to reproductive health services to prevent STDs and pregnancy Violence against women; female infanticide, genital mutilation; sexual abuse and exploitation

39. Five “New” Youth Issues since 1995 World Youth Report 2003, and noted in GA resolution 58/133: Globalization (youth in a global economy) ICT (youth in civil society) HIV/AIDS (youth at risk) Youth and conflict prevention (youth at risk) Intergenerational relations (youth in civil society)

40. Youth and Globalization

41. Economic globalization – two views: Benefits young people: they are quick adapters Hurts young people: they are being exploited Social aspects of globalization: young people come closer together: local issues become global issues vice versa: glocalization it has created a more uniform youth culture -> see next topic.

42. Information and communication technology

43. Traditional forms of socialization of young people are being challenged New technology brings a uniform culture of Information Pleasure Autonomy  A new global youth culture, increasingly media- driven

44. HIV/AIDS

45. Almost 12 million young men and women live with HIV/AIDS 5,000 to 6,000 young people get infected every day – 2 million new cases in 2004 Gender imbalance in infection rates >95 percent of all infections among young people through unsafe sex, In some regions: young IDUs and MSM

46. Young people and conflict

47. Young people are offenders and victims - they kill and are being killed, more than any other group. 111 armed conflicts over the last decade 2 million deaths and 5 million wounded 300,000 child soldiers have been fighting in some 49 countries

48. Intergenerational issues

49. Youth in an ageing world

50. Intergenerational issues An ageing society: 4 times as many old people in 2050 Increasing dependency ratios Multi-generational societies Who gets to decide on how to share the resources?

51. 3. Recommendations of the Report

52. Twelve main findings of the report 1. Need for new commitment to youth 2. Urbanization, globalization, ICT and media lead to convergence of youth cultures 3. Youth policy is driven by negative stereotypes 4. Start with children 5. Scale up investment in youth 6. Youth can be partners in reaching the MDGs =>

53. Twelve main findings of the report 7. Need for integrated youth policies 8. Indicators allow for better measurement of progress 9. Increased coordination within the UN system 10. GA may endorse the 5 new issues 11. Youth delegates should participate in the GA 12. Governments should continuously review their youth policy

54. 4. Next steps: Plenary meetings of the 60 th General Assembly

55. Preparations for the GA sessions on youth Consultations with youth organizations: Consultative meetings held with youth organizations in Coimbra, Portugal, 31/1 – 3/2/05, and in New York, 14-17/2/05 Interagency collaboration in support for the review and the youth face of the MDGs: National reviews by youth organizations: “Toolkit” These consultations will be reflected in an SG Report to be submitted in addition to the World Youth Report 2005

56. National youth policy evaluations Making Commitments Matter: A Toolkit to Evaluate National Youth Policy Hard copies available in English, French, Spanish Available for download at www.un.org/youth Also available on CD-ROM

57. Review World Programme of Action for Youth, 2005 The General Assembly’s “WPAY+10” review could: Recommit Member States to youth Raise awareness of global youth concerns Celebrate the positive role of youth in society and their contribution to achieving the MDGs Build new partnerships with youth for development Provide new mandates for interagency work and indicators on youth development Agreed outcome could encompass this vision for the future.

58. Thank you! www.un.org/youth youth@un.org