2.  I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction. › I can explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. › I can explain the interactions between substrates and active sites of enzymes. › I can explain how the following affect enzymatic function:  Enzyme and substrate concentrations  pH, temperature and salinity  coenzymes  inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and allosteric cooperativity › I can describe the role that enzymes play in feedback inhibition.  I can design a lab that quantifiably measures the effect of an environmental factor on enzymatic activity.

3.  Protein › Recall 4 levels of structure and bonds that hold them in place  Substrate-specific: the active site is specifically shaped so only certain molecules fit on it

4.  I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction. › I can explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. › I can explain the interactions between substrates and active sites of enzymes. › I can explain how the following affect enzymatic function:  Enzyme and substrate concentrations  pH, temperature and salinity  coenzymes  inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and allosteric cooperativity › I can describe the role that enzymes play in feedback inhibition.  I can design a lab that quantifiably measures the effect of an environmental factor on enzymatic activity.

5.  How reactions work:

6.  I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction. › I can explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. › I can explain the interactions between substrates and active sites of enzymes. › I can explain how the following affect enzymatic function:  Enzyme and substrate concentrations  pH, temperature and salinity  coenzymes  inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and allosteric cooperativity › I can describe the role that enzymes play in feedback inhibition.  I can design a lab that quantifiably measures the effect of an environmental factor on enzymatic activity.

8.  Shape of active site can change slightly as substrate binds  The active site is then molded into a precise conformation--sort of like a hand in a glove  So, some enzymes can act on similar molecules, not just specific ones

9.  I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction. › I can explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. › I can explain the interactions between substrates and active sites of enzymes. › I can explain how the following affect enzymatic function:  Enzyme and substrate concentrations  pH, temperature and salinity  coenzymes  inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and allosteric cooperativity › I can describe the role that enzymes play in feedback inhibition.  I can design a lab that quantifiably measures the effect of an environmental factor on enzymatic activity.

10.  How do the following relate to enzymes? › active site › substrate › induced fit › energy of activation

11.  I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction. › I can explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. › I can explain the interactions between substrates and active sites of enzymes. › I can explain how the following affect enzymatic function:  Enzyme and substrate concentrations  pH, temperature and salinity  coenzymes  inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and allosteric cooperativity › I can describe the role that enzymes play in feedback inhibition.  I can design a lab that quantifiably measures the effect of an environmental factor on enzymatic activity.

12.  Enzymes act on one molecule at a time  Reach a saturation point when all enzymes are engaged in reaction

13.  All enzymes have a specific range for optimal performance  Outside of that range  denature  don’t function

15. Prevent/Interfere with Enzyme Function

16.  Competitive inhibitor has same shape as substrate  (competes for active site)  Prevents substrate from binding to active site by binding to active site itself

17.  Inhibitor binds to allosteric site of enzyme  Active site changes shape, no substrate binds

18. Help/Increase Enzyme Function

19.  Cofactor assist with catalytic activities of enzyme  Coenzyme is an organic cofactor › Ex: vitamins

20.  Change in the enzyme’s shape due to binding of activator at allosteric site  Enzyme is stabilized by activator

21.  One substrate molecule primes an enzyme to receive more substrates readily  Ex: hemoglobin

22.  I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction. › I can explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. › I can explain the interactions between substrates and active sites of enzymes. › I can explain how the following affect enzymatic function:  Enzyme and substrate concentrations  pH, temperature and salinity  coenzymes  inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and allosteric cooperativity › I can describe the role that enzymes play in feedback inhibition.  I can design a lab that quantifiably measures the effect of an environmental factor on enzymatic activity.

23.  The switching off of a biochemical pathway by the product of the pathway › Negative feedback › Conserve energy!

24.  Bozeman Enzymes Video Bozeman Enzymes Video

25.  I can describe the structure and explain the significance and functions of enzymes in biological systems › I can describe why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction. › I can explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions. › I can explain the interactions between substrates and active sites of enzymes. › I can explain how the following affect enzymatic function:  Enzyme and substrate concentrations  pH, temperature and salinity  coenzymes  inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and allosteric cooperativity › I can describe the role that enzymes play in feedback inhibition.  I can design a lab that quantifiably measures the effect of an environmental factor on enzymatic activity.

26.  Bozeman video Bozeman video