1. *Refer to Chapter 3 in your Textbook

2. Learning Goals: 1. I can explain evidence for the Theory of Plate Tectonics. 2. I can differentiate between the 3 plate boundaries. 3. I can explain how the ocean was formed. 4. I can identify smaller divisions of the ocean.

3. Theory of Continental Drift: = the movement of the continents across the ocean bed Edward Suess (Late 1800’s) Gondwanaland: South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, & India Alfred Wegener (1915) Laurasia: North America, Europe, & Asia Pangea: combined Gondwanaland with added Laurasia

4. Theory of Continental Drift

5. Convection H. Hess (1960’s) Convection: force that makes magma in Earth’s mantle move, due to heating and cooling Cool- sinks toward core Heat- rises toward upper mantle/crust

6. Theory of Plate Tectonics = Lithospheric/Tectonic plates move across the asthenosphere Lithosphere: crust & upper mantle, rigid Asthenosphere: part of the lower mantle, viscous

7. Lithospheric Plates

8. Theory of Plate Tectonics Types of Plate Boundaries: Convergent: oceanic-to-continental crust come together Old crust is submerged into the mantle and destroyed Form: Trenches Divergent: oceanic-to-oceanic crust move apart New crust is formed via sea floor spreading Form: Mid-ocean ridges Transform: oceanic-to-oceanic crust scrape past each other in opposite directions Form: Faults & Cliffs

9. Types of Plate Boundaries

10. Formation of the Ocean Tethys Ocean: Between Gondwanaland and Laurasia Closed when India moved into Asia Panthalassic Ocean: Huge ocean surrounding Pangea Became the Pacific Atlantic Ocean: Formed when North America separated from Eurasia Indian Ocean: Formed when Gondwanaland broke apart

11. Formation of the Ocean

12. Today’s Ocean We have one world ocean broken into 5 artificial components Pacific Atlantic Indian Arctic Southern/ Antarctic

13. Smaller Divisions of the Ocean Sea: a smaller body of salt water that is almost completely surrounded by land Example: Mediterranean Sea Gulf: a smaller body of salt water that is partially surrounded by land Example: Gulf of Mexico Estuary: inlet area where salt water meets fresh water Example: St. Lucie Estuary Lagoon: body of water composed of brackish water- a mixture of salt & fresh Example: Indian River Lagoon