1. Evolution of plants

2. Seed-Producing Vascular Plants
Includes two groups –__________and___________
________have _____seeds in cones
________have flowers that produce seeds to attract pollinators and produce seeds
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
naked
Angiosperms

3. Angiosperms Subdivided into two groups –________and____________
__________have a single seed cotyledon
________have two seed cotyledons
Monocots
Dicots
Monocots
Dicots

4. Examples Monocots Dicots Sedges Grasses Grains Sweet potato Corn
Lilies
Orchids
Onions
Palm trees
Dicots
Nut bearing plants
Roses
Beans
Cactus
Apple and Oak trees
Pumpkin
Tobacco
Grape vines
Poison ivy

5. Monocot and dicot
The number of cotyledons, and the arrangement of vascular tissue in roots and stems distinguishes monocots from dicots.

6. Stem Differences
Monocot Dicot

7. Root Differences
Dicot roots have their xylem in the center of the root and phloem outside the xylem.
Monocot roots have their vascular bundles arranged in a ring.

8. Microviewer activity

9. Monocot stem -vascular bundles are scattered throughout

10. Dicot stem -vascular bundles are arranged in a ring

11. 4.8 Roots and Stems

12. Embryonic root or radicle

13. Tap root and Fibrous (Diffuse) Root Systems – Both arise from radicle

14. Comparison of Root Systems

15. Adventitious Roots: roots that arise from anything other than the radicle

16. Roots: Function Roots anchor the plant in the substratum or soil.
Roots absorb water and dissolved nutrients or solutes
In some plants, roots have become adapted for specialized functions.

17. EXTERNAL ANATOMY Root cap Region of cell division Region of elongation
Region of differentiation or maturation

18. Symbiotic Roots Legumes (e.g., pea, beans, peanuts) form root nodules.
Mutualism between a plant and bacterium allows for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen
Bacterium is rewarded with food and a place to live

19. Photosynthetic Roots

20. Parasitic roots - Dodder

21. Propagative Roots with Adventitious Buds/Stems

22. Organization of Stems Shoot tip
produces new cells that elongate and add length to the stem.
The shoot apical meristem within a terminal bud is surrounded by leaf primordia.