1. KENNETT’S CLARIFICATION Socrates & Syllogisms

2. Today’s Objectives  Wrap up with our group presentations by learning about Friedrich Nietzsche from Tom, Kayla, Levi  Gain more clarity on Socrates, syllogisms, inductive/deductive reasoning

3. Part 1: Nietzsche  Tom, Kayla, Levi

4. Hook Question  What things do you know for sure?  ie. Are you really in this room right now? How do you know you’re not in a dream?  How do you know what you know?

5. Part 2: Socrates  Socrates believed that all real knowledge involves defining  You learn about a subject through deduction – moving from very general observations to more specific knowledge about a subject  You move to more specific knowledge through the use of syllogisms

6. Socrates’ Trial: Why?  One of the most famous trials of all time  Charged for:  Corrupting the youth Shared idea such as “I is not the majority opinion that yields correct policy, but rather genuine knowledge and professional competence which is possessed by only a few”  Impiety Failing to acknowledge the gods that the city acknowledges Introducing new deities (often referred to his spirit, but was really referring to his intuition)

7. Socrates’ Death  Sentenced to death by drinking a hemlock-based liquid

8. What were Socrates’ syllogisms?

9. What is an argument  An argument is NOT:  A question (Are the snow tubers having fun?)  A proposal (Let’s go snow tubing!)  A suggestion (We recommend that students snow tube every day)  A command (Don’t forget to snow tube!)  An exclamation (Snow tubing’s crazy!)  An argument IS:  A group of associated statements of belief or opinion

10. Logical Syllogisms  Major premise: All men (A) are mortal (B).  Minor premise: All Greeks (C) are men (A).  Conclusion: All Greeks (C) are mortal (B).

11. Syllogistic Fallacies  Major premise: Some cats (A) are black things (B)  Minor premise: Some black things (B) are televisions (C)  Conclusion: Some cats (A) are televisions (C)

12. Syllogistic Thinking & Descartes  Thought of as the father of modern philosophy  his denial of the thesis that all knowledge must come from sensation.  Ultimately, explored metaphysics – the ultimate structure of reality  “I think, therefore I am”  Let’s learn about the origins of this phrase…

13. Practicing Logical Thinking: A Game  One person writes a 3-4 digit number  Another person guesses  For each guess, the number creator gives them a hint…  Pico Fermi Bagels Fermi: a correct digit placed correctly Pico: a correct digit placed incorrectly Bagels: no digits are correct