1. Region V Overview 9 th Ozone Research Managers Meeting Geneva 14 th -1 th May 2014 Matt Tully Bureau of Meteorology, Australia 9 th Ozone Research Managers Meeting Geneva, 14 th -16 th May, 2014

2. Region V

3. Overview of Observational Activities

4. Dobsons Macquarie Island Melbourne Perth Darwin Brisbane Lauder Mauna Loa Samoa Singapore Manila

5. Longstanding Dobson sites Mauna Loa: 1957 - present Brisbane: 1957 – present Aspendale/Melbourne: 1957 - present Wellington/Invercargill/Lauder: 1957 - present Macquarie Island: 1957 - present Perth: 1969 - present Samoa: 1975 - present Manila: 1978 – present Singapore: 1979 – present

6. Brewers Petaling Jaya (Bandung)

7. Ozonesondes Broadmeadows Macquarie Island Lauder Suva (Fiji) Watukosek (Java) Sepang Airport Hilo Samoa

8. Region V Countries in Antarctica Davis (Australia) Ozonesondes

9. Region V Countries in Antarctica Arrival Heights (New Zealand) Dobson

10. Antarctic measurements Arrival Heights total column measurements (top) Ozone (Dobson) (2 nd ) ClO (ClOE) (3 rd ) BrO slant column (UV/Vis) (4 th ) HCl (FTIR) (5 th ) HNO 3 (FTIR) (bottom) NO 2 (UV/Vis) AHTS is among the best- instrumented sites in Antarctica, and key to Antarctic ozone science.

12. UV Spectrometer UV/Vis FTIR FTIR, LIDAR, Microwave, UV/Vis, UV Spectrometer

13. Ongoing long time series at Lauder Stratospheric NO 2 since 1981 (33 years) Ozonesondes since 1986 (28 years) Dobson Ozone since 1987 (27 years) UV Spectrometers since 1989 (25 years) Ozone LIDAR since 1994 (20 years) Microwave radiometers since 1994 (20 years) TEI in situ ozone analyser since 2004 (10 years)

14. Cape Grim – Ozone Depleting Substances and Greenhouse Gases (In Situ)

15. Analysis of Observations

16. Brewer #116 Bandung (Repaired and recalibrated under Vienna Convention Trust Fund 2006)

17. Melbourne Dobson record 1978-2012 reprocessed following Hradec Kralove workshop MOD data Dobson 11 year running mean Tully, Klekociuk and Rhodes, Atmos. Ocean 2013

18. Lauder Dobson Melbourne Dobson

19. Lauder Dobson Melbourne Dobson Perth Dobson Brisbane Dobson

20. Modelling

21. Chemistry-Climate Modelling at NIWA Mean annual cycle to total- column ozone in NIWA-UKCA all-forcings ensemble, 1995- 2004. Contours: TOMS climatology Annual- and zonal-mean ozone in all-forcings ensemble. Annual- and zonal-mean ozone in fixed-ODS simulation. Annual- and zonal-mean ozone in fixed-GHG simulation.

22. Climate-ozone coupling Three-months mean Southern Annular Mode index for 1979-2008, based on surface pressure, in all-forcings simulations, fixed-ODS simulations, and ERA-Interim. Significant positive trends in REF-C2 in spring and summer seasons. No trends in fixed-ODS simulation. Ozone depletion is driving climate change in spring and summer.

23. Modelling at Bodeker Scientific Revell, L. E., Bodeker, G. E., Huck, P. E., Williamson, B. E., and Rozanov, E.: The sensitivity of stratospheric ozone changes through the 21st century to N 2 O and CH 4, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2012.

24. Some Scientific Issues -Influence of ozone changes on surface climate (especially precipitation) in Southern Hemisphere mid- latitudes -Links between ozone depletion and Antarctic sea-ice -Influence of the Antarctic Ozone Hole on seasonal prediction in the SH -Resolving differences between datasets and model results in the tropics -Better quantification of ozone changes in the UT/LS (especially in the tropics) -The optimal level of UV Exposure for humans

25. Other Issues Financial commitment to support long term monitoring programs Isolation from the rest of the world (this has improved over the last few years, in part helped by ozone work within Australia and New Zealand becoming much better co- ordinated) The maintenance of the Bodeker Scientific global total column ozone database and the vertically resolved ozone database has ceased due to lack of funding

26. Capacity Building – some recommendations from Indonesia Requires a strong support in capacity building at the technician and research levels to continue both with monitoring and relevant research Needed financial support for travel to meetings, seminars and workshops abroad. Ozone and UV (measurement of UV index) network in Indonesia must be continue and maintained. Still needed assistance for calibration and maintenance of instrumentations which can not be done in Indonesia due to the lack of budget spare parts and experts.

27. Matt Tully +61 3 9669 4139 M.Tully@bom.gov.au Thank you…