1. Friday, January 18 th Bell-Ringer: Please take out (or pick up) your Comparison Essay and grab a peer review form from the front table. Find a partner that you are comfortable working with in the room. Exchange essays and read their essay. Then, using the peer review form, provide feedback to your partner by completing the form.

2.  Bell-Ringer: Essay Peer Review  Word of the Day: fortitude  Unit 1 Recap  Unit 1 Mini-Test  Unit 2 Preview Homework: Read and take notes on Chapter 6 and complete Reading Guide worksheet (due Tuesday). Don’t forget to complete a tutorial request form as well. Daily Agenda:

3. Fortitude- strength of mind that allows one to endure pain or adversity with courage. Day five, block one William Lloyd Garrison and Rosa Parks demonstrated great personal FORTITUDE by demanding an end to unjust laws. While most Americans accepted slavery, Garrison PERSEVERED (to refuse to give up no matter what) and lived to see President Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation. Rosa Parks also illustrates the principle that FORTITUDE is needed to achieve difficult goals. While most Americans accepted segregation, Rosa Parks refused a bus driver’s order to give up her seat to a white passenger. Her historic action helped galvanize the Civil Rights Movement.

4. Fortitude- strength of mind that allows one to endure pain or adversity with courage.  Complete the sentence stem.  I respect _______________ because he/she has the fortitude to……. Day five, block two

5. Fortitude- strength of mind that allows one to endure pain or adversity with courage.  Words Across Context….explain what FORTITUDE might mean to each of the following:  A slave in pre-Civil War US  A Civil Rights Movement participant  An American soldier stationed in Afghanistan Day five, block three

6. Unit 1 Review Prehistory – 600 BCE

7. Essential Concept Review

8. 1. How was the Neolithic Revolution a turning point or hallmark event in human history?  Sedentary Lifestyle  Promoted private ownership  Allowed for surpluses  Changed gender roles  Allowed for specialization of labor  Created a need for more advanced institutions of control (governments, religions, social structures, etc.)  Humans took control of their environment instead of responding to it

9. 2. Why did some peoples choose to remain pastoralists/foragers even after the Neolithic Revolution?  Geographic limitations  Poor climate for agriculture  Inadequate irrigation  Lack of staple crops / Drought  Cultural connections to previous lifestyle  Competition for resources

10. 3. Where did the earliest civilizations form and why?  River Valleys  Nile  Tigris / Euphrates  Indus  Huang He / Yangtze  Rivers provided irrigation, drinking water, and transportation  Why not other rivers?

11.  Egypt  Divine rule; pharaoh = god; bureaucracy  Mesopotamia  Lugals = “Big Men;” strong armies (Assyrians); use of priests  India  Samsara and caste system (social institutions)  China  Mandate of Heaven (Divine Right); Confucian beliefs (Social Roles) 4. What different forms of rule did the earliest civilizations use to keep order?

12.  Free vs. Slave (Mesopotamia especially)  Land ownership (China)  Occupation  India  Mesopotamia  Egypt  Gender 5. What factors helped determine the social structures of various early civilizations?

13.  Egypt  Gods controlled environment  beneficial flooding = nice gods; unified religion due to geographic isolation  Mesopotamia  Violent floods = Angry, vengeful gods; introduction of new religions (Judaism, Zoroastrianism, etc.) due to geographic “openness”  China  Mandate of Heaven illustrated by natural disasters 6. Explain the interconnection between geography and religion in two early civilizations.

14.  All Neolithic societies  women no longer play as much of a role in food acquisition  China  Confucianism held women in lower status than any male; men must “protect” women  India  Aryan beliefs made women the equivalent to lowest caste; sati  Egypt  Limited protections and rights for women, but not equivalent of men (few female leaders)  Mesopotamia  No female “Lugals” = no legal equality for women 7. Was there gender equality in early societies? If not, what prevented it?

15. Unit 1 Mini-Test Please write your name on your test. If you have a question during the test, please raise your hand. You will have 25 minutes to complete the test. When you finish, bring your test to Mr. Naruta and pick up the handouts from the front table. You may wish to start on the vocabulary flashcards while you wait for others to finish.