1. Emotional & Social Development Adolescence

2. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Personality Development 0-18mo 18m-3y 3-6 6-12 12-21 21-30 30-65 65+ Most experience some role confusion Develop a firm sense of who you are: identity

3. Self-Understanding Self-concept Self-concept –Early: socially-oriented, descriptions often contradictory –Mid to late: descriptions organized & integrated by use of qualifiers “Shy & outgoing”, “smart & an airhead” “Mostly shy around my parents, but not around friends because they listen to me”

5. Self-Understanding Self-esteem Self-esteem –New dimensions: close friends, romantic appeal, job How does self-esteem change in adolescence?

6. Self-esteem changes in adolescence

7. Self-Understanding Self-esteem Self-esteem –New dimensions: close friends, romantic appeal, job –Poor academic competence –Conditional peers or parental support: false self Do you think self-esteem changes in adolescence? What leads to low self-esteem?

8. Did you have an “identity crisis” or evaluate your identity in adolescence?

9. Identity Statuses (James Marcia) LowHigh High Low Degree of Crisis Degree of commitment to roles & values AchievementForeclosure Moratorium Identity diffusion

12. What does research show? LowHigh High Low Degree of Crisis Degree of commitment to roles & values AchievementForeclosure Moratorium Identity diffusion 1.Variability, but… 2.Finished by end adolescence… not usually

13. Outcomes & Influences Outcomes Outcomes –Moratorium related to better self-esteem, critical thinking, & moral reasoning –Foreclosed are inflexible & intolerant –Long-term diffused teenagers are at greatest risk for maladjustment ** Factors that affect identity development ** ** Factors that affect identity development **

14. In-Class Activity 6 The purpose of this assignment is to become familiar with the methods used to assess morality and each of Kohlberg’s stages of moral understanding.

15. Morality LevelStage Social orientation Preconventional1 Obedience & punishment 2 Instrumental & individualism Conventional3 “good boy-good girl” 4 Law & order Postconventional5 Social contract 6 Principled conscience/ethics

16. Peer Relationships American adolescence spend less than 15% of waking hours with parents

17. Cliques & Crowds

18. CliquesCrowds 5-7 same-aged, gender members (**dating**) Large, loosely organized group Close friendships & direct interaction Reputation & style, time with others varies “the plastics” Context to acquire social skills & experiment with values & roles Offers security of temporary identity as separate from family who adolescents “hang out” with “jocks”

19. ** Peer Conformity ** ** Problems of adolescent development**