1. Landsat Calibration Through Ground Truth and Modeling Kyle A. Foster Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science Rochester Institute of Technology 11 August 2006

2. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 2 Landsat primer Thermal calibration overview Overpass collect locations Collection process Data Processing Modeling Results Questions Outline

3. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 3 What is Landsat? Longest continuing project for collection of Earth imagery (1972-present) Publicly available imagery Constantly updated Currently near-total Earth coverage (81º N to 81º S) Two operating satellites: Landsats 5 & 7 http://landsathandbook.gsfc.nasa.gov

4. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 4 Who uses Landsat? Agricultural firms Environmental management organizations Geologists Oceanographers Geographers Remote sensing community Intelligence community http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov http://landsat.usgs.gov/resources/applications.php

5. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 5 Landsat 5 Launched in 1984 Altitude 705 km (438 mi) 16-day coverage cycle Thematic Mapper (Vis & IR) 120 m thermal IR resolution Three year projected lifespan (and still going…) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/ dd/Landsat-5.jpg http://landsat.usgs.gov

6. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 6 Landsat 7 Launched in 1999 Enhanced Terrain Mapper Plus (Vis & IR) 60 m thermal IR resolution “The most stable, best characterized Earth observation instrument ever placed in orbit” http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi a/commons/9/99/Landsat-6.jpg http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov

7. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 7 Thermal Calibration Overview Overpass & ground truth collection Weather data collection Conversion into GIS Image statistics in regions of interest Atmospheric model generation Comparison of model to processed ground truth

8. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 8 Overpass Rochester, NY located in scene overlap (collection every 8 days per satellite) Overpasses occur on subsequent days Same time every time, thanks to orbit Highly weather-dependent (fog, haze, humidity affect results)

9. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 9 Overpass - Locations Ontario Beach Park (confluence of Genesee R. and Lake Ontario)

10. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 10 Overpass - Locations Slater Creek Fishing Access Site, adjacent to RG&E Russell Plant

11. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 11 Overpass - Locations Irondequoit Bay http://www.envsci.brockport.edu/MERHAB/PICS/

12. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 12 Overpass - Locations Lake Ontario

13. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 13 Overpass – Ground Truth Thermistor measurements GPS waypoints On-site weather measurements On-site images (sky, waves)

14. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 14 Overpass – More Data Weather buoys (Lake Ontario) Radiosonde (Buffalo, NY) http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=45012 http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/radiosonde/DI71G1_hi.jpg

15. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 15 Preview Image Landsat 7, ETM+ (SLC off)Path 16, Row 307/6/06

16. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 16 Thermal Image Landsat 7Path 17, Row 30 5/18/03

17. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 17 GIS Vector Map Collected data from thermistors, buoys, and balloons is formatted into a GIS-usable vector map with ArcView GIS 3.3

18. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 18 MODTRAN Developed by the USAF Powerful atmospheric modeling tool Allows computation of radiometric values for specific conditions or phenomena Computed from 0.075 km to 100 km –(lake level to Kármán line… outer space “boundary”)

19. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 19 ENVI Remote sensing & image processing package by ITT VIS (formerly RSI) GIS vector map overlay Region-of-interest (ROI) selection Image statistics calculated

20. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 20 Results

21. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 21 Results

22. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 22 Possible Explanations High humidity skews results MODTRAN quirks Legitimate issue with ETM+ Ongoing calibration happens for this exact reason Not bad for a first try

23. Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory August 11, 2006 23 Special Thanks To… Nina Raqueno Lon Smith Emmett Ientilucci Carl Salvaggio John Schott Victoria Vasso Shara Naas