1. Islamic Civilization Notes on Sections 1- 3 The Rise of Islam

2. Section 1: The Rise of Islam Makkah Kaaba Madinah Bedouin Muhammad Oasis Sheikh Caravan Quran Look up the places, people, and vocab. in section 1. Write what happened in the places, why the people are important, and the definition for the terms. Pgs. 174-180

3. Section 1: The Rise of Islam: People and Places Makkah: (Mecca) largest and richest town along a trade route. Important religious site Kaaba: a low, square building surrounded by statues of gods and goddesses Madinah: the “city of the prophet” Bedouin: desert herders that lived in tents and ate dried fruits and nuts Muhammad: prophet and founder if Islam

4. Content Vocabulary Oasis: a green area in the desert fed by underground water. Sheikh: head of an Arab tribe Caravan: group of traveling merchants and animals Quran: the holy book of Islam

5. Fill in notes: The Arabian Peninsula is mostly _Desert___. Many Arabs lived in __villages___ where they farmed or raised __animals__. How did geography shape life in Arabia? To survive in the desert early Arabs organized into loyal tribes. They traveled from oasis to oasis and ate dried fruit and nuts.

6. More fill in notes: _Muhammad___ preached “to surrender to the will of Allah (God)” He also preached that all people were _equal__ and the rich should _share__ their goods. Muhammad and his followers left _Makkah____ because they were being harassed/tortured_ and their lives made very _difficult__(persecuted).

7. Last fill in: Judaism, _Christianity_, and Islam all believe in one _God__. Muslims believe that this God created the _universe__, and determines right and _wrong__.

8. Section 2: Islamic Empires Umayyad Sufis Suleiman I Mogul Akbar Indonesia Baghdad Delhi Caliph Shiite Sunni Sultan janissary

9. Section 2 – Islamic Empires: People Umayyad: Ruled from a.d. 661 to a.d. 750 Sufi: a group that spent their time praying and teaching Islam. Abbasid: the dynasty that came after the Umayyads, the new caliph was a descendant of Muhammad’s uncle. Suleiman 1: Sultan of the Ottoman Empire in the 1500s Mogul: Muslim warriors that came from the mountains north of India, used weapons and made Delhi the center of their empire. Akbar: the greatest Mogul ruler, he brought peace and stability and treated his subjects fairly

10. Places Damascus: Umayyad caliphs chose this city in Syria to be their capital Indonesia: the country that includes more Muslims then any other country today Timbuktu: West African center of Muslim learning Baghdad: new capital built by the Abbasids, it prospered because it was by the Tigris River and the Euphrates River Delhi: the Moguls made this city the center of its empire

11. Content Vocabulary Caliph: successor to the Messenger of God Shiite: believed that Ali, Muhammad’s son in law should succeed him and that all caliphs should be Ali’s descendants Sunni: accepted the Umayyad dynasty as the rightful caliphs Sultan: the Seljuk ruler called himself this which means “holder of power)

12. Section 2 notes-fill in Muhammad died in AD 632 and conflicts began over who should be caliph. The first four caliphs were rulers who lived simply, treated others fairly, and obeyed Islam’s teachings. Overtime the Shiites and Sunnis developed different religious practices and customs.

13. Fill in continued Sunnis believed the Umayyad dynasty should rule while Shiites believed a descendant of Ali should. Suleiman 1 built many schools and mosques and brought his army north into Europe. The Ottoman Empire was the most powerful Muslim Empire because it ruled many different people Turks, Arabs, Greeks, Albanians, Armenians, and Slavs.

14. Fill in continued Akbar the greatest Mogul ruler allowed people to practice their religion and both Hindus and Muslims served in his government.

15. Section 3: Muslim Ways of Life Granada Agra Mamun Al-Razi Ibn Sina Omar Khayyam Ibn Khaldun Mosque Bazaar Minaret Crier

16. Section 3 Muslim Ways of Life – Places Granada: a city in Spain where the most famous example of a Muslim palace resides, it is called the Alhambra Agra: a city in India where another famous Muslim building, the Taj Mahal was built.

17. People Mamun: in a.d. 830 the Abbasid caliph founded the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. Al-Razi: one of the best know Muslim chemists. He developed a system for categorizing substances as animal, mineral, or vegetable. Ibn Sina: a Persian doctor that showed how diseases spread from person to person. Omar Khayyam: a Persian poet wrote parts of the Rubaiyat, considered one of the finest poems ever written. Ibn Khaldun: a great Muslim historian, he wrote that all civilizaitions rise, grow and then fall.

18. Content Vocabulary Mosque: Muslim houses of worship. Bazaar: Marketplace Minaret: the towers of a mosque from which the announcer calls Muslims to prayer Crier: an announcer, calls believer to prayer five times a day

19. Section 3 Fill In Muslim traders were successful because when Muslim empires expanded, they spread the Arabic language, Muslim rulers provided merchants with records for making trade easier, and Muslim merchants kept detailed records of their business deals.

20. Fill in continued, conclusion The Arabs built a successful empire with their excellent soldiers. The soldiers not only fought but spread Islam. If they died in battle they believed they would go to paradise. Once a place was conquered, they allowed people to practice their own religion. The people who were conquered tended to adopt Islam and learn the Arabic language.