2. Agenda 4/2 1. notes: judicial branch 2. SC justice research activity AP review THIS SATURDAY 12:30-3:30

3. Period 1 Supreme Court Judicial review– Marbury v. Madison Constitutional or nah? Judges for life (unless impeached or resigned) Interpret the laws

4. Unit V The Judicial Branch

5. Article III Section 1. The Judicial Power of the United States,shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Constitution creates only the Supreme Court of the United States. It gives the Congress the power to establish other lower, federal courts.

6. Article III The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behavior, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Comprehension, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. “…during good Behavior” a.k.a. life

7. Role of the courts in American government Make policy Can undo work of representative institutions Judicial Activism or Judicial Restraint? Constitutional advocates? Bush v. Gore Citizens United v. FEC

8. Power on federal courts U.S. Constitution Articles I-VII Amendments 1-10 aka Bill of Rights Amendments 11-27 Marbury v. Madison Judicial review Checks and Balances

9. Dual Court System States Federal

11. Judicial review of state laws

12. Federal system 94 District Courts: Criminal and Civil cases 13 Appeals Courts  Appellate Justices – Life terms (“Good behavior”) 1 Supreme Court Judicial Review  Marbury v. Madison

14. SCOTUS

15. U.S. Supreme Court

16. Supreme Court of the United States Ultimate court of appeals in the U.S. Does not deal with guilt or innocence

17. U.S. Supreme Court Cases appealed from federal and state system Control of docket (5k-7k  hear 100-150) Session (October - June) Justices - 9 (life, appointed by president, confirmed by senate)

18. Supreme Court (continued) Control over docket (rule of four) Solicitor general Amicus curiae brief Grant review Oral arguments Conference Judgment Chief Justice

19. Session Cases are heard with all the Justices sitting together in open court. Majority, Concurring, and Dissenting Opinions

20. U.S. Supreme Court

21. John G. Roberts, Jr. Chief Justice First among equals Gets to decide who write the majority opinion Nominated by George W Bush

22. Reagan’s Nominees Antonin Scalia Anthony Kennedy

23. HW Bush’s Nominees Clarence Thomas

24. Clinton’s Nominees Ruth Bader Ginsberg Stephen Breyer

25. W Bush’s Nominees Samuel Alito

26. Obama’s Nominees Sonia Sotomayer Elena Kagan

27. Justices of the Supreme Court Nine Justices led by a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. His/her main duty is administrational and ceremonial. For example? Nomination and confirmation can sometimes become very “political” Conservative, Moderate, Liberal Republican to Republican appointees Democrat to Democrat appointees Almost always…Why?

28. U.S. Supreme Court 2012 The Roberts Court, 2012 Back row (left to right): Sonia Sotomayor, Stephen G. Breyer, Samuel A. Alito, and Elena Kagan.Sonia SotomayorStephen G. BreyerSamuel A. AlitoElena Kagan Front row (left to right): Clarence Thomas, Antonin Scalia, Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Anthony Kennedy, andClarence ThomasAntonin ScaliaChief JusticeJohn G. RobertsAnthony Kennedy Ruth Bader Ginsburg