1. Chapter 9 Preview Bellringer Key Ideas What Are Drugs?
Section 1 Drugs
Preview
Bellringer
Key Ideas
What Are Drugs?
Types of Medicines

2. Chapter 9
Section 1 Drugs
Bellringer
Name four medicines that you have heard of. What is each of these medicines used for?

3. Chapter 9
Section 1 Drugs
Key Ideas
List three qualities that make a drug useful as a medicine.
Name the two sources of all drugs.
Identify four different types of medicines and their effects on the body.
Identify five different ways that drugs can enter the body.
Describe why some drugs are considered drugs of abuse.

4. Chapter 9
Section 1 Drugs
What Are Drugs?
A drug is any substance that causes a change in a person’s physical or psychological state.
Medicines are drugs used to cure, prevent, or treat illness or discomfort.
Good medicines have the following qualities:
Effectiveness
Safety
Minor side effects

5. Chapter 9
Section 1 Drugs
What Are Drugs?
Drugs of abuse are drugs that people take for mind-altering effects that have no medical purpose.
Drugs of abuse can change the way your brain works in ways that are unhealthy and dangerous.
Drugs that affect your brain can change your behavior over time and lead to addiction and long-term health problems.

6. Chapter 9
Section 1 Drugs
What Are Drugs?
All drugs are chemicals that come from one of two sources:
Naturals sources, such as plants, animals, or fungi
Laboratories

7. Chapter 9 Types of Medicines
Section 1 Drugs
Types of Medicines
A prescription is a written order from a doctor for a specific medicine.
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines can be bought without a prescription.

8. Chapter 9
Section 1 Drugs

9. Chapter 9
Section 1 Drugs

10. Chapter 9 Types of Medicines
Section 1 Drugs
Types of Medicines
Drugs can be taken into the body in the following ways:
Implanted pumps
Inhalation
Injection
Transdermal patches
Ingestion
Topical application

11. Chapter 9 Preview Bellringer Key Ideas Approving Drugs for Medical Use
Section 2 Drugs as Medicines
Preview
Bellringer
Key Ideas
Approving Drugs for Medical Use
Prescription Medicines
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines
How to Read an OTC Label
Possible Problems with Medicines
Using Medicines Wisely

12. Chapter 9
Section 2 Drugs as Medicines
Bellringer
What are some reasons you think prescription and OTC medications have instructions and precautions written on their packaging?

13. Chapter 9
Section 2 Drugs as Medicines
Key Ideas
Describe the process by which drugs are approved for medical use.
State two reasons why prescriptions are required for some medicines.
State two factors to consider when choosing over-the-counter (OTC) medicines.
Describe three problems that can occur when taking some medicines.
List six things you should do to be able to use medicines wisely.

14. Approving Drugs for Medical Use
Chapter 9
Section 2 Drugs as Medicines
Approving Drugs for Medical Use
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was created in 1906 to control the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics in the United States.
The FDA uses an approval process for proving a drug is safe and effective. Some steps include:
Chemical or cell-culture testing in laboratories
Testing on animals
Testing on human volunteers
Clinical trials to compare to existing drugs

15. Prescription Medicines
Chapter 9
Section 2 Drugs as Medicines
Prescription Medicines
Prescription medications should only be taken with a doctor’s recommendation and supervision.
Taking someone else’s medication or failing to follow the prescription can be dangerous.

16. Prescription Medicines
Chapter 9
Section 2 Drugs as Medicines
Prescription Medicines
Prescriptions include the following information:
Dosage (how much you should take)
When you should take the medicine
How often you should take the medicine
The length of time you should take the medicine

17. Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines
Chapter 9
Section 2 Drugs as Medicines
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines
Most OTC medicines are used for common illnesses, injuries, and disorders.
When choosing an OTC:
Decide what kind of OTC will work for you.
Decide whether you want a generic or brand-name medicine. They often have the same active ingredients but different inactive ingredients.
Read the labels.

18. Chapter 9
Section 2 Drugs as Medicines
How to Read an OTC Label

19. Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines
Chapter 9
Section 2 Drugs as Medicines
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines
Long-term use of OTC medicines can cover up more serious problems.
If symptoms persist, consult a doctor.
Herbal remedies and dietary supplements are not regulated by the FDA the same way that drugs are.
Because they may have not been thoroughly tested, herbal remedies and dietary supplements may not be safe or effective.

20. Possible Problems with Medicines
Chapter 9
Section 2 Drugs as Medicines
Possible Problems with Medicines
Allergic reactions are the most serious risks to taking medicines.
Symptoms of anaphylactic shock include:
Itching all over the body
Swelling, especially in the mouth or throat
Wheezing or difficulty breathing
A pounding heart
Fainting and unconsciousness

21. Possible Problems with Medicines
Chapter 9
Section 2 Drugs as Medicines
Possible Problems with Medicines
Side effects are more common problems than medicine allergies.
Drug interactions occur when a drug reacts with another drug, food, or dietary supplement to increase or decrease the effect of one of the substances.
Labels on OTC packages or drug information sheets describe possible drug interactions and may also list potential side effects.

22. Using Medicines Wisely
Chapter 9
Section 2 Drugs as Medicines
Using Medicines Wisely
Make yourself part of your own healthcare team.
Be prepared to ask questions.
Learn the facts about any medicine you take.
Listen to your body.
It’s not always safe to suddenly stop taking a drug.
Speak up and enlist your parents’ help.

23. Using Medicines Wisely
Chapter 9
Section 2 Drugs as Medicines
Using Medicines Wisely

24. Chapter 9 Preview Bellringer Key Ideas
Section 3 Drugs and the Brain
Preview
Bellringer
Key Ideas
How Drugs That Affect the Brain Work
The Path to Addiction
Addiction is a Treatable Disease

25. Chapter 9
Section 3 Drugs and the Brain
Bellringer
Write a response to the following statement: “If I want to use drugs, it’s my choice and it doesn’t affect anybody else beside me.”

26. Chapter 9 Key Ideas Describe how drugs that affect the brain work.
Section 3 Drugs and the Brain
Key Ideas
Describe how drugs that affect the brain work.
State how drugs can affect a person’s emotions.
Describe how addiction can develop from experimentation.
Summarize the role of withdrawal in maintaining a drug addiction.
Describe why addiction is considered a treatable and avoidable disease.

27. How Drugs That Affect the Brain Work
Chapter 9
Section 3 Drugs and the Brain
How Drugs That Affect the Brain Work
Information processing in the brain takes place at the connections between neurons, called synapses.
Signals are passed across synapses by chemicals called neurotransmitters.

28. How Drugs That Affect the Brain Work
Chapter 9
Section 3 Drugs and the Brain
How Drugs That Affect the Brain Work
Some drugs affect the way neurons communicate by acting like neurotransmitters, blocking neurotransmitters, or changing the amount of neurotransmitters.
These changes can affect our moods and emotions.

29. Neural Changes Caused by Drug Use
Chapter 9
Section 3 Drugs and the Brain
Neural Changes Caused by Drug Use
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

30. Chapter 9 The Path to Addiction
Section 3 Drugs and the Brain
The Path to Addiction
Addiction is a condition in which a person can no longer control his or her drug use.
Most drugs of abuse activate the brain reward system, which releases chemicals that give pleasure.
Pleasure alone does not cause addiction.
People who become addicts usually start by experimenting, then more regular use leads to a series of changes on the path to addiction.

31. Chapter 9
Section 3 Drugs and the Brain
The Path to Addiction

32. Addiction is a Treatable Disease
Chapter 9
Section 3 Drugs and the Brain
Addiction is a Treatable Disease
The symptoms that occur when a drug user stops using a drug are collectively called withdrawal.
Stopping drug use can be very difficult because the withdrawal symptoms are often very unpleasant.

33. Addiction is a Treatable Disease
Chapter 9
Section 3 Drugs and the Brain
Addiction is a Treatable Disease
Drug addiction is a brain disorder, and it is treatable.
Most communities offer a variety of treatment programs for addiction.
The best way to avoid addiction is to avoid drugs of abuse altogether.

34. Chapter 9 Brain Food Video Quiz
Click below to watch the Brain Food Video Quiz that accompanies this chapter.
Brain Food Video Quiz