1. I Robot

2. A.I.

3. D.A.R.Y.L

4. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The science and engineering of creating computer systems that simulate human thought and behavior.

5. Alan Turing: English mathematician
Known for his belief that computers would someday be as intelligent as humans.

6. Turing Test Can you tell who the robot is by conversation?
Test to determine if a computer exhibited human intelligence.
Can you tell who the robot is by conversation?
If not, then the robot is intelligent. ??

7. Many uses for Artificial Intelligence Software
Assists us with evaluating and interpreting large amounts of data.
Can act as an informed advisor with difficult decisions
Can provide a challenging game opponent in a virtual reality computer-generated world or in a game of chess.

8. Requirements:
A set of logical rules to apply to the input to produce useful output
Instructions for how to handle unexpected input
(the ability for the software to “wing it”)
The ability to learn with experience to become better at what it is designed to do (machine learning)

9. Artificial Intelligence Computational Intelligence
Conventional A.I.
Computational Intelligence

10. Conventional Artificial Intelligence
Expert systems
Case-based reasoning
Bayesian networks
Behavior-based AI

11. Conventional Artificial Intelligence
Expert systems
Software that functions like a human expert in a particular field or area.
Some are used to diagnose disease
Some are used to diagnose mechanical engine failure
Some are used to predict future weather events
Some are used to design new products

12. Conventional Artificial Intelligence
Case-based reasoning
The AI software maintains a library of problem cases and solutions
Relies on the four R’s for solving new problems
Retrieve:
Find cases in the case library relevant to the new problem.
Map the solutions from a previous case or cases to the variables of the new problem, adjusting where necessary.
Reuse:
Revise:
Test the solution and revise if necessary
Retain:
Store the new problem and its newly acquired successful solution as a case in the library.

13. Conventional Artificial Intelligence
Bayesian networks
A graphical model that represents a set of variables and their relationships and dependencies
For Example:
A Bayesian network could be designed to represent the variables in a person’s behavior, physical chemistry, and family history to determine the likeliness that the person suffers from depression

14. Conventional Artificial Intelligence
Simulates intelligence by combining many semi-autonomous modules.
Each module has a specific activity for which it is responsible
By combining these simple modules, the resulting system exhibits intelligent behavior; it becomes smarter than the sum of its parts.
Behavior-based AI

15. Computational Intelligence
(develops intelligence through an iterative process)
Neural Networks
Simulates the functioning of the neutron in a human brain
It “learns” by the affects of the neural pathways
Some specific features of neural networks:
The ability to retrieve information even if some of the neural nodes fail.
Fast modification of stored data as a result of new information
The ability to discover relationships and trends in large databases
The ability to solve complex problems for which all of the information is not present

16. Computational Intelligence
Deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than precise.
Fuzzy Systems

17. Computational Intelligence
Includes areas of AI that derive intelligence by attempting many solutions and throwing away the ones that don’t work.
“A survival of the fittest” approach
Evolutionary Computation
Genetic Algorithm:
Used to solve large, complex problems where a number of algorithms or models change and evolve until the best one emerges.
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18. A.I. Applications Robotics Computer Vision
Involves developing mechanical or computer devices to perform tasks that require a high degree of precision or are tedious or hazardous for humans.
Computer Vision
Combines hardware and AI software that permit computers to capture, store, and interpret visual images and pictures. (Can be used to give robots vision)
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19. A.I. Applications Natural Language Processing Handwriting Recognition
Uses AI techniques to enable computers to generate and understand natural human languages, such as English.
Ex. Speech Recognition
Handwriting Recognition
Uses AI techniques to enable computers to translate handwritten characters or words into computer-readable data.

20. A.I. Applications Face Recognition Intelligent Agents
A form of computer vision that uses cameras and AI software to identify individuals by unique facial characteristics.
Intelligent Agents
Consists of programs and a knowledge base used to perform a specific task for a person, a process, or another program.

21. A.I. Applications Artificial Creativity
A branch of AI that works to program computers to express themselves through art, music, poetry, and other expressive outlets.
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22. Virtual Reality Immersive virtual reality
A computer simulated environment that can be manipulated by a user.
Immersive virtual reality
A simulation in which the user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, three-dimensional world that is completely generated by a computer
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