1. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 20061 Optical Networking Primer John Dyer TERENA http://www.terena.nl

2. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 20062 Troy – 1200 BC

3. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 20063 Troy – 1200 BC

4. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 20064 Troy – 1200 BC

5. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 20065 Troy – 1200 BC

6. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 20066 Troy to Agamemnon’s palace in Mycenae, 600km Troy – 1200 BC

7. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 20067 le télégraphe optique First real purpose built optical communication device L'invention de : Claude Chappe -1791

8. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 20068 National Optical Network

9. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 20069 Performance 1794 - 230 km between Paris and Lille By 1850 network grew to 556 stations covering 5000 km 20 to 30 seconds per symbol per station in good weather conditions: More than 1 hour the characters on this slide

10. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200610 Electric Replaces Optical 1816 Francis Ronalds 8 miles of Iron wires 1855 Giovanni Caselli telegraph line between Paris and Lyon

11. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200611 1876 - Telecommunications goes analogue

12. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200612 Analogue Signals Source Attenuation Noise Output

13. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200613 Analogue over copper Copper wire has narrow bandwidth Insufficient for backbones/long haul at high speed

14. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200614 Sending Digital Signals 0 11 0 0 5 time Volts Coaxial cable 0 11 0 0mW 10mW time Power

15. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200615 Digital over Analogue 1950’s US Defence 1958 - DARPAnet 1962 – Bell 103 modem 300 bits per second (about 40 characters per second)

16. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200616 The move to optical transmission 1975 – Bell – 14 Km of waveguide in New Jersey, US 1977 – Bell – live telephony in Chicago 1977 – BT, UK live telephony 1986 – Fibre link across English channel 1988 – TAT-8 First Transatlantic Fibre 280 Mbps and retired in 2002 (14 years)

17. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200617 Fibre Transmission

18. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200618 Fibre Optic Cables

19. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200619 Transmission Chromatic Dispersion Phase Dispersion Attenuation

20. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200620 Digital can be cleanly regenerated Source Attenuation Noise OutputRegeneration

21. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200621 Building Blocks

22. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200622 Building an Optical Network

23. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200623 Electrical & Optical Devices Classical Electrical Switch O-E-O Switch All Optical Switch Electrical Domain Optical Domain emerging

24. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200624 Optical Switches - MEMs

25. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200625 Electromagnetic Spectrum 10 −9 m= nanometre lambda

26. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200626 Multiple lambdas Don’t forget – λ’s in non-visible 850nm 1600nm1300nm

27. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200627 Single Wave Length in a single fibre pair

28. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200628 Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) in a single pair

29. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200629 Generalised IP Network

30. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200630 Backbone Core Optical

31. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200631 User Classes DSLGigE LAN C A B A Need full Internet routing B Need VPN services on/and full Internet routing C Need very fat pipes, limited multiple Virtual Organizations Source: Cees de Laat, UvA Number of users Bandwidth consumed

32. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200632 Hybrid Networking

33. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200633 Getting Access to Fibres Buy or Lease a service IP level or optical path IRU (Indefeasible Right of Use ) Dig it yourself Flexibility & control complexity

34. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200634 GLIF Global Lambda Integrated Facility

35. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200635 GLIF Open Lightpath Exchanges GLIF lambdas are interconnected through established exchange points known as GOLEs. GOLEs are comprised of equipment capable of terminating lambdas and performing lightpath switching, allowing end-to-end connections Open connection policy

36. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200636 Established GOLEs CANARIE-StarLight, Chicago(CANARIE) CANARIE-PNWGP, Seattle(CANARIE) CERN, Switzerland(CERN) KRLight, Seoul(KISTI) MAN LAN, New York(Internet2, NYSERNET, Indiana Uni & IEEAF) NetherLight, Amsterdam(SURFnet) NorthernLight, Stockholm(NORDUnet) Pacific Northwest GigaPoP, Seattle(Consortium of research and education orgs ) StarLight, Chicago(UIC/EVL, NWU/iCAIR & Argonne) T-LEX, Tokyo(WIDE) UKLight, London (UKERNA) UltraLight, Los Angeles(Caltech/NSF)

37. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200637 GLIF Working Groups TERENA provides GLIF secretariat function Governance & Growth Chair: Kees Neggers (SURFnet) Technical Issues Co-Chairs: Erik-Jan Bos (SURFnet) & René Hatem (CANARIE) Control Plane & Grid Integration Middleware Chair: Gigi Karmous-Edwards (MCNC) Research & Applications Co-Chairs: Maxine Brown (UIC) & Larry Smarr (UCSD)

38. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200638 References The Telegraph Of Claude Chappe -An Optical Telecommunication Network For The XVIIIth Century http://services3.ieee.org/organizations/history_center/cht_papers/dilhac.pdf Data Communications: The First 2500 Years http://spinroot.com/gerard/pdf/hamburg94b.pdf A Survey of MEMS-Enabled Optical Devices – (January 2006) http://www.iec.org/newsletter/jan06_2/broadband_1.html Wavelength switches and the automated optical network – Status & outlook (2005) http://www.telenor.com/telektronikk/volumes/pdf/2.2005/Page_081-086.pdf GLIF website http://www.glif.is

39. John Dyer TF-PR, Paris, September 200639 Good luck with finding your way home