1. 18 th and 19 th Amendments Lecture 3

2. Prohibition (Eighteenth Amendment) Eighteenth Amendment, 1919 –changed alcohol laws from state to federal authority –some states were wet and some were dry before 1919 Volstead Act, 1919 –banned sale, transportation, and manufacture of alcohol –allowed less than 3% alcohol content and had a religious exception

3. Prohibition (Eighteenth Amendment) Prohibition’s Legacy –alcohol was smuggled into the US from Canada and Mexico –organized crime grew in wealth and power –political officials and law enforcement were bribed l Attorney General sold liquor licenses l Harding drank at parties in the White House –more acceptable for women to drink in public combination of speakeasies and flapper culture

4. Prohibition (Eighteenth Amendment) Al Capone –most famous mafia leader based in Chicago –controlled bootlegging from Canada to Florida over 10,000 Chicago speakeasies –incarcerated in 1932 for tax evasion and was put in Alcatraz died in 1950 St. Valentine’s Day Massacre, 1929 –Capone tried to wipe out his rival Bugsy Moran Murray the Hump, Jack “Machine Gun” McGurn –7 men were shot to death in the middle of the day by mafia dressed up like the police –public outrage led to more pressure on organized crime

5. Women’s Rights Nineteenth Amendment, 1920 –women voters helped elect female governors in WY and TX and the first female senator originally most female voters supported the Republican Party but today most support the Democrats Equal Rights Amendment, 1924 (ERA) –attempted to require equality under the Constitution –most states require it today and it failed in the 1970s child custody, divorce, and equal pay were still major issues Gertrude Ederle swam the English Channel in 1926 at the age of 21 (only 5 men had done it) she swam over 20 miles in just over 14 hours

6. Women’s Rights Changes in Employment for Women –some broke into journalism, aviation, medicine, and the law –most women still worked in domestic service and manufacturing The Flapper (The New Woman) –symbol of new feminine freedom –followed the same rules as men –shorter hair, shorter hemlines, makeup