1. REVIEW #9 Conflict

2. World War I CausesWWIEffects Europe 1914- 1919 Militarism (Industrial Rev.) Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Assassination of archduke Ferdinand in the Balkan powder keg Germany blamed  Treaty of Versailles  Depression  Hitler/WWII New countries in Eastern Europe League of Nations created but very weak Mandates created in Middle East Nationalist movements

3. World War II CausesWWIIEffects World 1939- 1945 Fascism in Germany/ Italy Hitler breaks Treaty of Versailles  appeasement allows him to continue Asia—Japan imperialistic– needs natural resources  Rape of Nanjing in China Creation of United Nations Nuremberg Trials holds individuals responsible Creation of Israel Cold War  Germany and Korea divided Japan  democracy Partition of India between Hindu and Muslim Indian and African independence movements

4. The Cold War Causes Cold War Effects World War II ended European supremacy Dropping of A-bomb of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Competing ideologies (communism vs. capitalism/democracy Cuban Missile Crisis Korean War Vietnam War Space Race Arms Race (Nuclear Proliferation) Iron Curtain divided Europe into Western democracy and Soviet influenced E. Europe *Soviet Union collapses with Gorbachev’s glasnost and perestroika

5. Human Rights Violations UkraineSouth AfricaRwanda Stalin implements Five Year Plan and collective farms  Kulaks (wealthy, industrialized farmers) in Ukraine protest  Forced famine The state sets high quotas a takes food grown Imperialism = white control of South Africa Apartheid in South Africa (separation of the races)  blacks can’t vote, public facilities separated Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu use civil disobedience to end it Berlin Conference (1884) causes ethnic conflict  Hutu extremists attack Tutsi minorities  1 million dead in 100 days  UN involvement Mass migration from Rwanda

6. Human Rights Violations CambodiaMyanmarSudan American forces leave Vietnam  Communist rebels in the Khmer Rouge under Pol Pot come to power Slaughtered over one million Cambodians to rid Cambodia of Western influence Fighting continued until the 1990s Repressive military takes over when British leave  Struggles with poverty and ethnic tensions Aung San Suu Kyi has led a democratic movement against military rule Arab Muslims (janjaweed) attacking Black Muslims in Darfur (South Sudan)  Refugee crisis as people flee Darfur Sudan rich in oil = no U.N. intervention

7. Modern Crisis in the Middle East Secular vs. Traditional Palestine/ Israel The 21 st Century Islamic Fundamentalism (struggle between Western/ Technology ideas and traditional Islam Examples: Iranian Revolution with rise of Ayatollah Khomeini Taliban in Afghanistan Anti-semitism throughout world  Created Israel in 1947 as homeland to Jews  Desire for homeland = Jewish and Arab nationalism Extremists preventing peace process 9/11 attacks led to increase US presence in Middle East (Iraq and Afghanistan) Led to women’s rights but more anti- West sentiments