1. HOW CAN WE CLEAN MARINE POLLUTION? Yesenia & Cathie Chemistry Period 5

2. WHATS THE ISSUE? The Gulf oil spill is recognized as the worst oil spill in U.S. history. Within days of the April 20, 2010 explosion and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico that killed 11 people, underwater cameras revealed the BP pipe was leaking oil and gas on the ocean floor about 42 miles off the coast of Louisiana. By the time the well was capped on July 15, 2010 (87 days later), an estimated 4.9 million barrels of oil had leaked into the Gulf. Immediately after the explosion, workers from BP and Transocean, and many government agencies tried to control the spread of the oil to beaches and other coastal ecosystems using floating booms to contain surface oil and chemical oil dispersants to break it down underwater.

3. WHY DOES IT PRESENT A PROBLEM? Oil spills can destroy coastal wildlife habitats, and endanger animals' lives. Millions of the Gulf of Mexico’s migratory and resident birds may be placed at some level of risk due to the disaster.

4. DETERGENT MOLECULE Oil Detergent Water  Oil fails to dissolve without a detergent because the strong traction between water molecules keep those water molecules from combining with oil molecules.  Detergent molecules need to help water molecules combine with oil molecules. That way, the oil can be easily washed away.

5. RELATIONSHIP TO CHEMISTRY  Intermolecular attractions - The forces between molecules, what holds molecules together. - Water molecules have a stronger intermolecular attraction with each other then oil that’s why they don’t bind with one another.  Solubility of substances -The solubility of a substance is the amount of that substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent.

6. POLARITY -A molecule can have a more positive side or negative side making it non polar. Oil is not soluble in water, this is why water and oil don’t mix. Water is polar and oil is non-polar. They avoid each other. The reason that oil and water do not mix is because the oil is a mixture of non-polar hydrogen compounds. The water molecules are attracted to each other, not the hydrocarbons. The less dense hydrocarbons will rise to the surface. Oil is lighter than water, it floats, that’s why in water oil will accumulate in one glob minimizing its surface with the water.  Solution  Detergents molecules which have polar ends, usually charged, love water and non-polar ends, that love grease. When we shake the water, that includes oil and detergent, the non-polar end of the detergent becomes embedded in the grease ball leaving all the polar ends of the detergent facing the water. Making the droplet of oils surrounded by the detergent dissolving the oil.

7. ELECTRON SHARING  Covalent bonds form between atoms by sharing electrons in their outermost electron shells.  Water is a covalent bond, because oxygen has more electrons then hydrogen that creates the polarity  Oil molecules are bonded to one another by what are called "London forces," the large oil molecules tend to clump together because of these forces. However, an oil molecule does not hydrogen bond with a water molecule, and an oil molecule's dispersion attraction to a water molecule is weak compared to the oil-oil attraction.

8. ELECTRONEGATIVITY -A measure of how much an atom pulls electrons toward itself in a chemical bond. -Elements with high electronegativity numbers have a greater tendency to attract electrons than elements with low electronegativity numbers. That is why water attracts with itself and not with oil because oil is nonpolar.

9. CITATIONS *Gulf Oil Spill. (n.d.). Retrieved December 9, 2014, from http://ocean.si.edu/gulf- oil-spilhttp://ocean.si.edu/gulf- oil-spil *Mixing Oil and Water. (n.d.). Retrieved December 9, 2014, from http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/chem00/chem00254.htm http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/chem00/chem00254.htm *http://wise.berkeley.edu/student/vle/vle.html?runId=7118&workgroupId=174146 &closeokay=true*http://wise.berkeley.edu/student/vle/vle.html?runId=7118&workgroupId=174146 &closeokay=true *Covalent bonding. (n.d.). Retrieved December 9, 2014, from http://resources.mhs.vic.edu.au/science/resources/covalentbonding.htm http://resources.mhs.vic.edu.au/science/resources/covalentbonding.htm *Newirth, T. (n.d.). PROPERTIES OF WATER. Retrieved December 9, 2014., from http://www.haverford.edu/educ/knight-booklet/propofwater.htm http://www.haverford.edu/educ/knight-booklet/propofwater.htm