1. Landscape mosaic

2. Patch types

3. Desert vegetation

4. Desert vegetation

5. Esker 1

6. Esker 2

7. Kettle

8. Mesa Verde fire map

9. Mesa Verde satellite

10. Compare

11. Fire patch

12. Animals trampling

13. Wind patterns

14. mudslides

15. Alluvial fan

16. Alluvial Fan

17. Strip mining

18. Human pattern

19. plantation

20. Orchards

21. Logging

22. Logging

23. PATCH SHAPE
Patch shape determines the distance between the patch’s edge and the patch’s habitat interior, and the core area

24. Compact forms are effective in protecting their internal resources against negative effects of the surroundings
Convoluted forms are effective in enhancing interactions with the surroundings. A long common boundary provides a greater probability of movements across
A compact patch contains higher species richness than an elongated patch that has fewer interior species
Interior area adds species at a greater rate than increasing edge area

25. Convoluted patches have a long perimeter and abundant exchanges with the matrix. A convoluted patch causes complex patterns of turbulence in water and wind flow. Most turbulence will be on the outside of a-remnant patch, and the inside of a disturbance patch
The turbulence may create considerable microheterogeneity in soil,water,vegetation, and fauna surrounding a remnant patch

26. BOUNDARIES AND ECOTONES
Sharp boundaries from human activities
Gradual ecotones in natural landscapes

29. Edge habitat and species

30. Large patches contain interior conditions that foster interior species absent in small patches
Edge width varies according to wind direction, sun direction, and internal edge structure

31. Edge width

32. Edge abruptness | Edge as filter

34. PATCH CONFIGURATION AND CONTEXT
The distance between patches and the characteristics of the context influence species
Consider the contribution of patches to the landscape structure

35. The orientation of the long axis of the patch is key to several ecological processes
From Forman 1995

36. Population Viability Analysis PVA is used to determine the size of populations needed for long term survival. It takes into account environmental, demographic and genetic variables that determine extintion probabilities for each species
Minimum patch area is the smallest patch needed to sustain specific species or ecosystem functions
Appendix B in the ELI document
ex. Bear 900ha, grizzly 2800, cougar
rodents, rabbits 1 to 10ha

37. Protection of habitat patches of 55ha appears to capture 75% of species requirement in the ELI survey.
This will not capture particularly area-sensitive species

38. Appalachian apprx 900ha bear minimum