1. به نام خالق هستی

2. Esophageal cancer اعمال جراحی نوین در کانسرهای قسمت های مختلف مری دکتر پرویز فلاح عابد دانشیار دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین

11. Figure 1. Patient positioning and trocar position for thoracoscopic portion.

12. Figure 2. Thoracoscopic exposure of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and lymph node dissection.

13. Figure 3. Thoracoscopic subcarinal lymph node dissection

14. Figure 4. Patient positioning and trocar position for laparoscopic portion

15. Figure 5. Laparoscopic mobilization and division of the left gastric vein and artery (A) and lymph node dissection (B).

16. Figure 6. Holistic and complete view of the McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy procedure.

17. Esophagectomy Techniques There are many ways to perform an esophagectomy. The method your surgeon uses will depend on the location of your tumor.

18. Transhiatal Esophagectomy In this method, the surgeon makes incisions in the neck and abdomen. Most of the esophagus is removed through these incisions. Because there’s no incision in the chest wall and the lungs do not have to be deflated for the surgeon to reach the esophagus, this method may result in fewer complications, such as pneumonia. Typically the surgeon attaches the stomach to the remaining esophagus in the neck. Sometimes, a segment of the colon is used to connect the esophagus to the stomach.

19. Ivor-Lewis Esophagectomy In this method, the surgeon makes one incision in the abdomen and one in the chest along the ribs. The lower half of the esophagus is removed through the abdominal incision, and the stomach is attached to the upper esophagus in the chest.

20. Total Esophagectomy This surgery is used to remove the entire esophagus when there are large tumors in the middle of the esophagus. The surgeon makes incisions in three places: the abdomen, chest, and neck. The esophagus is separated from other chest structures and organs through these incisions, and then it’s removed. The surgeon will create a new passage for food from the throat to the stomach, typically with a segment of the small intestine or colon.

21. Minimally Invasive Surgery For many patients, surgeons can use a minimally invasive approach to remove the part of the esophagus affected by cancer.

22. Table 1. Demographics and clinicopathological parameters (n = 142).

23. Table 2. Operative and post-operative parameters.

24. Table 3. Post-operative complications

25. Figure 7. Disease-free survival (A) and overall survival (B) of patients presenting with esophageal cancer who received the McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy procedure.