1. Quiz Review Unit 1B: Earth Systems

2. What are the four Earth systems? Geosphere- all solid Earth Hydrosphere- all water Biosphere- all life on earth Atmosphere- all gases that surround planet

3. What are the layers of the atmosphere? Troposphere- weather (convection currents in the air – cold air sinks and warm air rises) Stratosphere- Ozone layer Mesosphere- coldest Thermosphere- outermost; satellites orbit

4. Layers of the Earth (chemical) Crust Mantle Core – iron and nickel - inner core is solid and the outer core is liquid (since iron is magnetic, the moving liquid creates the earth’s magnetic field)

5. Layers of the Earth (Physical) Lithosphere Asthenosphere (convection currents in the magma) Mesosphere Outer Core Inner Core

6. Types of Plate Boundaries Convergent- mountains, volcanoes, subduction, trenches Divergent- mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes Transform- earthquakes Earthquakes occur at ALL plate boundaries Not a good idea to mine (gold, sulfur, salt, diamonds, oil, coal, gas etc) at plate boundaries.

7. What is the Greenhouse Effect? Earth’s system of keeping warm by gases in atmosphere that absorb outgoing radiation Without it, we’d be frozen- we need it Too many GHGs lead to global warming GHGs- CO2, methane, water vapor, nitrous oxide Ozone hole is NOT making Earth warmer- those are two different issues

8. What processes are related to the water cycle? Evaporation- liquid  gas (needs heat) Condensation: gas  liquid (needs cooling) Precipitation: rain, snow, hail, sleet Runoff: water moving downhill (rivers) Transpiration: water evaporating from plants

9. Salt vs. Freshwater 97.5% of Earth’s water is SALTY Most of Earth’s freshwater is trapped in ice/glaciers Groundwater, aquifers Clean, freshwater is a precious resource We get our drinking water from groundwater

10. Oceans regulate earth’s climate Warm water currents make climate warmer than normal Cold water currents make climate cooler than normal Water absorbs a lot of heat and releases it slowly back to atmosphere Surface currents – water movements in the ocean that are driven by wind

11. Systems Interactions A volcano spews millions of tons of ash and carbon dioxide into the air during an eruption – Geosphere – Atmosphere Plants release water vapor into the atmosphere – Biosphere- hydrosphere – atmosphere Heavy rains create a landslide that destroys a village in Colorado – Hydro – Geo – Bio- Atmo

12. Aquifer A layer of porous rock that can hold water

13. Greenhouse Gases H2O, CO2, CH4 etc Important because it makes the earth habitable (it would be -5 degrees without them) But too much (burning fossil fuels) (deforestation) – building up in the atmosphere and responsible for global warming

14. Study your foldables Know the temperature changes in the different layers of the atmosphere Know key facts about each layer