1. Utilizing a Spring in a Kinetic Regenerative Braking System to Reduce Engine Size Eugene Lee

2.  A larger engine = greater torque and faster max speed  Engines are excessively large http://www.mfe.govt.nz/environmental-reporting/report-cards/transport/2009/images/figure-8.jpgNeed

3. Vehicular Terminology  Torque = rFsin Ө  Horsepower = (torque*RPM)/5252  1 Horsepower = 33,000 foot-pounds per minute = 44,742 joules

4. Continuously Variable Transmission  Transmission that allows smooth gear changes  Can be used to increase / decrease increase / decrease the turning speed the turning speed of a device of a device

5. Literature Review  Li et al (2008) used a torsion spring to store energy for vehicles.  Leonard et al (2003) used a tension spring to store energy for bicycles.

6. How the Spring will Function  Spring will aid both in deceleration and acceleration Tension added Tire slows down due to greater tension Tension released Tire spins due to release of tension

7. Spring Diagram Closes when car brake is pressed Closes when accelerator is pressed Signals of braking or accelerating

8. Possible Prototype Similar to actual model in design. Electromagnetic/ hydraulic clamp Attached to exterior frame Car model Variable resistance can be produced by changing gears, controlled by a microprocessor. Bicycle Tire

9. Alternate prototype Attached to exterior frame of bike to prevent turning While braking/ accelerating, ends of spring device will attach to bicycle tire Variable resistance can be produced by changing gears, controlled by a microprocessor. Electromagnetic/ hydraulic clamp Bicycle Tire Bicycle model Based off of Li (et al, 2008)

10. Purpose  Experiment would attempt to find if extra weight of the system will not be offset by benefits created by spring system.  Will try to find which method is more efficient through formulas and statistical analysis: kinetic or electrical regenerative electricity.

11. Do-ability  Materials, not cheap, but easily found  Relatively simple technology  Going to Engineering Camp in Stonybrook

12. Bibliography  http://www.car-videos.net/articles/horsepower_torque.asp http://www.car-videos.net/articles/horsepower_torque.asp  Turning green; Ogando, Joseph Design News 10-02-2000 http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/libweb/curriculum/do/document?set= search&groupid=1&requestid=lib_standard&resultid=8&edition=& ts=E571FDB2E5B4722B3D0B0FB4AECD384B_1242367572667&st art=1&urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B 86741038  Shifting for fuel economy BY SEAN KILCARR, SENIOR EDITOR Fleet Owner 02-01-2006 http://elibrary3.bigchalk.com/elibweb/curriculum/do/document?se t=search&secondaryNav=&groupid=1&requestid=lib_standard&re sultid=18&edition=&ts=3B13AB671BD2C56F9CAD2AD675F8519B _1242367609222&start=1&publicationId=&urn=urn%3Abigchalk %3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B118315934  Regenerative Braking System Michael Resciniti Adi Peshkess Peter Leonard http://designscience.umich.edu/pdf%20files/APD-2003- 04.pdf http://designscience.umich.edu/pdf%20files/APD-2003- 04.pdfhttp://designscience.umich.edu/pdf%20files/APD-2003- 04.pdf  Kinetic energy system http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/eee/news/FTF/FTF_Design_Challenge.pdf http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/eee/news/FTF/FTF_Design_Challenge.pdf  http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=springs+regenerative+brake+bicycle+filetype%3Apdf&btnG=Search