2. 1 United States Power Squadrons Chapter 5 Rules of the Road

3. 2 Learning Objectives This chapter based on: This chapter based on: The one Minute Guide to the Nautical Rules of the Road by Charlie Wing The one Minute Guide to the Nautical Rules of the Road by Charlie Wing It is intended to serve as a reference and acquaint you with boating rules and as the primer for the more extensive study of Navigation Rules. It is intended to serve as a reference and acquaint you with boating rules and as the primer for the more extensive study of Navigation Rules. This chapter based on: This chapter based on: The one Minute Guide to the Nautical Rules of the Road by Charlie Wing The one Minute Guide to the Nautical Rules of the Road by Charlie Wing It is intended to serve as a reference and acquaint you with boating rules and as the primer for the more extensive study of Navigation Rules. It is intended to serve as a reference and acquaint you with boating rules and as the primer for the more extensive study of Navigation Rules.

4. 3 Wing’s Book Part 1 – What every boater needs to know Part 1 – What every boater needs to know Part 2 – rules for reference Part 2 – rules for reference Part 1 – What every boater needs to know Part 1 – What every boater needs to know Part 2 – rules for reference Part 2 – rules for reference

5. 4 Preview of Rules of the Road Three topics: Three topics: Navigation Rules Navigation Rules Navigation Lights Navigation Lights Sound Signals Sound Signals Three topics: Three topics: Navigation Rules Navigation Rules Navigation Lights Navigation Lights Sound Signals Sound Signals

6. 5 The Rules Make Sense Rules intended to prevent collisions at sea Rules intended to prevent collisions at sea Proscribe responsibilities for each vessel Proscribe responsibilities for each vessel Generally, place the burden on the more maneuverable vessel Generally, place the burden on the more maneuverable vessel Rules intended to prevent collisions at sea Rules intended to prevent collisions at sea Proscribe responsibilities for each vessel Proscribe responsibilities for each vessel Generally, place the burden on the more maneuverable vessel Generally, place the burden on the more maneuverable vessel

7. 6 Two Sets of Rules International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGS) International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGS) Inland Rules to Navigation (U.S.) Inland Rules to Navigation (U.S.) Very little difference between the two Very little difference between the two COLREGS apply outside Demarcation Line COLREGS apply outside Demarcation Line Both are included in Wing’s book Both are included in Wing’s book Added Inland Rule language is italicized Added Inland Rule language is italicized International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGS) International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGS) Inland Rules to Navigation (U.S.) Inland Rules to Navigation (U.S.) Very little difference between the two Very little difference between the two COLREGS apply outside Demarcation Line COLREGS apply outside Demarcation Line Both are included in Wing’s book Both are included in Wing’s book Added Inland Rule language is italicized Added Inland Rule language is italicized

8. 7 Application International rules (COLREGS) apply: International rules (COLREGS) apply: to all vessels upon the high seas and all waters connected to the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. to all vessels upon the high seas and all waters connected to the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. US Inland rules apply: US Inland rules apply: on the Great lakes, Western Rivers, waterways, and waters inside the Demarcation Line on the Great lakes, Western Rivers, waterways, and waters inside the Demarcation Line International rules (COLREGS) apply: International rules (COLREGS) apply: to all vessels upon the high seas and all waters connected to the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. to all vessels upon the high seas and all waters connected to the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. US Inland rules apply: US Inland rules apply: on the Great lakes, Western Rivers, waterways, and waters inside the Demarcation Line on the Great lakes, Western Rivers, waterways, and waters inside the Demarcation Line

9. 8 Responsibility Everyone having to do with the vessel operations is responsible for: Everyone having to do with the vessel operations is responsible for: rule compliance rule compliance using caution using caution good sense good sense good seamanship good seamanship immediate danger avoidance immediate danger avoidance Everyone having to do with the vessel operations is responsible for: Everyone having to do with the vessel operations is responsible for: rule compliance rule compliance using caution using caution good sense good sense good seamanship good seamanship immediate danger avoidance immediate danger avoidance

10. 9 Definitions Power Driven Vessel: any watercraft usable to transport on water – including seaplane Power Driven Vessel: any watercraft usable to transport on water – including seaplane Power-driven Vessel: propelled in whole or in part by machinery. Power-driven Vessel: propelled in whole or in part by machinery. Sailing Vessel: propelled by sail alone. Sailing Vessel: propelled by sail alone. Seaplane: aircraft which can maneuver on water. Seaplane: aircraft which can maneuver on water. Vessel not under command (NUC): Vessel unable to maneuver due to some exceptional circumstances Vessel not under command (NUC): Vessel unable to maneuver due to some exceptional circumstances Power Driven Vessel: any watercraft usable to transport on water – including seaplane Power Driven Vessel: any watercraft usable to transport on water – including seaplane Power-driven Vessel: propelled in whole or in part by machinery. Power-driven Vessel: propelled in whole or in part by machinery. Sailing Vessel: propelled by sail alone. Sailing Vessel: propelled by sail alone. Seaplane: aircraft which can maneuver on water. Seaplane: aircraft which can maneuver on water. Vessel not under command (NUC): Vessel unable to maneuver due to some exceptional circumstances Vessel not under command (NUC): Vessel unable to maneuver due to some exceptional circumstances

11. 10 Definitions cont. Vessel Engaged in Fishing: vessel fishing with equipment that restricts maneuverability (nets, trawls, etc.) Vessel Engaged in Fishing: vessel fishing with equipment that restricts maneuverability (nets, trawls, etc.) Vessel Constrained by Draft: a power driven vessel which, because of her draft in relations to the depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in ability to deviate from the course she is following (COLREGS only). Vessel Constrained by Draft: a power driven vessel which, because of her draft in relations to the depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in ability to deviate from the course she is following (COLREGS only). Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver: vessel which, due to her nature of her work, cannot maneuver easily. Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver: vessel which, due to her nature of her work, cannot maneuver easily. Vessel Engaged in Fishing: vessel fishing with equipment that restricts maneuverability (nets, trawls, etc.) Vessel Engaged in Fishing: vessel fishing with equipment that restricts maneuverability (nets, trawls, etc.) Vessel Constrained by Draft: a power driven vessel which, because of her draft in relations to the depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in ability to deviate from the course she is following (COLREGS only). Vessel Constrained by Draft: a power driven vessel which, because of her draft in relations to the depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in ability to deviate from the course she is following (COLREGS only). Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver: vessel which, due to her nature of her work, cannot maneuver easily. Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver: vessel which, due to her nature of her work, cannot maneuver easily.

12. 11 Definitions cont. Underway: vessel not anchored, grounded, or otherwise attached to shore. Includes vessels dead in water and not making way. Underway: vessel not anchored, grounded, or otherwise attached to shore. Includes vessels dead in water and not making way. In sight: seen with the eyes. In sight: seen with the eyes. Restricted Visibility: any atmospheric condition reducing visibility. Restricted Visibility: any atmospheric condition reducing visibility. Stand-on vessel: vessel obligated to maintain course & speed. Stand-on vessel: vessel obligated to maintain course & speed. Give-way vessel: vessel obligated to keep out of way of other. Give-way vessel: vessel obligated to keep out of way of other. Underway: vessel not anchored, grounded, or otherwise attached to shore. Includes vessels dead in water and not making way. Underway: vessel not anchored, grounded, or otherwise attached to shore. Includes vessels dead in water and not making way. In sight: seen with the eyes. In sight: seen with the eyes. Restricted Visibility: any atmospheric condition reducing visibility. Restricted Visibility: any atmospheric condition reducing visibility. Stand-on vessel: vessel obligated to maintain course & speed. Stand-on vessel: vessel obligated to maintain course & speed. Give-way vessel: vessel obligated to keep out of way of other. Give-way vessel: vessel obligated to keep out of way of other.

13. 12 Pecking Order

14. 13 Look-Out Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight, hearing and installed electronic equipment. Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight, hearing and installed electronic equipment. Skipper appoints a separate look-out if there is more than one person aboard. Skipper appoints a separate look-out if there is more than one person aboard. Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight, hearing and installed electronic equipment. Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight, hearing and installed electronic equipment. Skipper appoints a separate look-out if there is more than one person aboard. Skipper appoints a separate look-out if there is more than one person aboard.

15. 14 Safe Speed Requires every vessel proceed at a safe speed to avoid collisions under existing conditions and circumstances Requires every vessel proceed at a safe speed to avoid collisions under existing conditions and circumstances Visibility and weather Visibility and weather Background lights Background lights Traffic Traffic Maneuverability Maneuverability Current Current Navigation hazards Navigation hazards Limitations Limitations Requires every vessel proceed at a safe speed to avoid collisions under existing conditions and circumstances Requires every vessel proceed at a safe speed to avoid collisions under existing conditions and circumstances Visibility and weather Visibility and weather Background lights Background lights Traffic Traffic Maneuverability Maneuverability Current Current Navigation hazards Navigation hazards Limitations Limitations

16. 15 Risk of Collision (p16 Wing) converging on a constant relative bearing… converging on a constant relative bearing… results in a collision results in a collision remember skippers must avoid collision remember skippers must avoid collision converging on a constant relative bearing… converging on a constant relative bearing… results in a collision results in a collision remember skippers must avoid collision remember skippers must avoid collision

17. 16 Avoiding Collision Rules designed to avoid collisions Rules designed to avoid collisions Define actions of 2 boats encountering each other Define actions of 2 boats encountering each other Depends upon Depends upon Their relative positions Their relative positions The type of boats The type of boats Rules designed to avoid collisions Rules designed to avoid collisions Define actions of 2 boats encountering each other Define actions of 2 boats encountering each other Depends upon Depends upon Their relative positions Their relative positions The type of boats The type of boats

18. 17 Relative Position Overtaking Overtaking Meeting Meeting Crossing Crossing Overtaking Overtaking Meeting Meeting Crossing Crossing

19. 18 Overtaking (p 24 Wing) Overtaking vessel Overtaking vessel Comes from within 135° arc of stern Comes from within 135° arc of stern You Stand-on You Stand-on They Give-Way They Give-Way Both boats use sound or VHF signals agree to passage Both boats use sound or VHF signals agree to passage The overtaking boat is burdened to safely steer clear The overtaking boat is burdened to safely steer clear Overtaking vessel Overtaking vessel Comes from within 135° arc of stern Comes from within 135° arc of stern You Stand-on You Stand-on They Give-Way They Give-Way Both boats use sound or VHF signals agree to passage Both boats use sound or VHF signals agree to passage The overtaking boat is burdened to safely steer clear The overtaking boat is burdened to safely steer clear

20. 19 Meeting Head-on (Power) Power-driven vessels meeting head-on Power-driven vessels meeting head-on Both are Give-Way vessels Both are Give-Way vessels Both should alter course to starboard and pass port-to- port Both should alter course to starboard and pass port-to- port Sound or VHF to signal agreement on which side Sound or VHF to signal agreement on which side Exception: Great Lakes and Western Rivers Exception: Great Lakes and Western Rivers Downbound have right-of- way over upbound boats Downbound have right-of- way over upbound boats Power-driven vessels meeting head-on Power-driven vessels meeting head-on Both are Give-Way vessels Both are Give-Way vessels Both should alter course to starboard and pass port-to- port Both should alter course to starboard and pass port-to- port Sound or VHF to signal agreement on which side Sound or VHF to signal agreement on which side Exception: Great Lakes and Western Rivers Exception: Great Lakes and Western Rivers Downbound have right-of- way over upbound boats Downbound have right-of- way over upbound boats

21. 20 Power Vessels Crossing Boat from starboard Boat from starboard You Give-Way You Give-Way Boat from port Boat from port You Stand-on You Stand-on Exception: Great Lakes, Western Rivers Exception: Great Lakes, Western Rivers Crossing vessels must Give-Way to both upbound and downbound vessels Crossing vessels must Give-Way to both upbound and downbound vessels Boat from starboard Boat from starboard You Give-Way You Give-Way Boat from port Boat from port You Stand-on You Stand-on Exception: Great Lakes, Western Rivers Exception: Great Lakes, Western Rivers Crossing vessels must Give-Way to both upbound and downbound vessels Crossing vessels must Give-Way to both upbound and downbound vessels

22. 21 Avoid Collision (p 19 Wing)521

23. 22 Sailboats Not under Power Not under Power Opposite Tacks Opposite Tacks Port Tack: Give-Way Port Tack: Give-Way Same Tack Same Tack Windward: Give-Way Windward: Give-Way Downwind Downwind Port Tack: Give-Way Port Tack: Give-Way If uncertain If uncertain Give-Way Give-Way Not under Power Not under Power Opposite Tacks Opposite Tacks Port Tack: Give-Way Port Tack: Give-Way Same Tack Same Tack Windward: Give-Way Windward: Give-Way Downwind Downwind Port Tack: Give-Way Port Tack: Give-Way If uncertain If uncertain Give-Way Give-Way

24. 23 Pecking Order - revisited Different vessel types Different vessel types The pecking order determines which vessel is give-way The pecking order determines which vessel is give-way Any vessel down the list is the give-way vessel Any vessel down the list is the give-way vessel The pecking order is determined by the relative maneuverability of the two vessels The pecking order is determined by the relative maneuverability of the two vessels The give-way vessel must keep out of the way of the other vessel The give-way vessel must keep out of the way of the other vessel Different vessel types Different vessel types The pecking order determines which vessel is give-way The pecking order determines which vessel is give-way Any vessel down the list is the give-way vessel Any vessel down the list is the give-way vessel The pecking order is determined by the relative maneuverability of the two vessels The pecking order is determined by the relative maneuverability of the two vessels The give-way vessel must keep out of the way of the other vessel The give-way vessel must keep out of the way of the other vessel

25. 24 Meeting Head on

26. 25 Vessels Crossing Two power vessels approach, the one on the port side of the other is the GIVE-WAY vessel. Power vessel GIVES WAY to sailing vessel

27. 26 Fog Situation In or near restricted visibility In or near restricted visibility Slow to safe speed Slow to safe speed Post a lookout Post a lookout Sound fog signals Sound fog signals In or near restricted visibility In or near restricted visibility Slow to safe speed Slow to safe speed Post a lookout Post a lookout Sound fog signals Sound fog signals

28. 27 Narrow Channel Limited room to maneuver Limited room to maneuver Stay out of narrow channels and fairways Stay out of narrow channels and fairways ‘…vessel less than 20m …shall not impede passage of vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.” ‘…vessel less than 20m …shall not impede passage of vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.” Limited room to maneuver Limited room to maneuver Stay out of narrow channels and fairways Stay out of narrow channels and fairways ‘…vessel less than 20m …shall not impede passage of vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.” ‘…vessel less than 20m …shall not impede passage of vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.” In narrow channel: In narrow channel: Stay on the starboard side Do not cross if interfering with a confined vessel Do not anchor in a channel Sound a prolonged blast approaching a bend or obstruction

29. 28 Traffic Separation Traffic separation schemes (TSS) Traffic separation schemes (TSS) Inbound and outbound separated traffic lanes Inbound and outbound separated traffic lanes one-way lanes for large ships one-way lanes for large ships Magenta color on charts Magenta color on charts Inland Rules: Vessel traffic services Inland Rules: Vessel traffic services Traffic separation schemes (TSS) Traffic separation schemes (TSS) Inbound and outbound separated traffic lanes Inbound and outbound separated traffic lanes one-way lanes for large ships one-way lanes for large ships Magenta color on charts Magenta color on charts Inland Rules: Vessel traffic services Inland Rules: Vessel traffic services

30. 29 Communications Sounds When maneuvering action is required to avoid collision When maneuvering action is required to avoid collision vessels must use sound signals to communicate their intentions vessels must use sound signals to communicate their intentions Use VHF Marine channel 13 Use VHF Marine channel 13 Restricted visibility signals Restricted visibility signals When maneuvering action is required to avoid collision When maneuvering action is required to avoid collision vessels must use sound signals to communicate their intentions vessels must use sound signals to communicate their intentions Use VHF Marine channel 13 Use VHF Marine channel 13 Restricted visibility signals Restricted visibility signals

31. 30 Maneuvering: In Sight -Signals COLREGs COLREGs INLAND INLAND Signal Intended action Intended action Proposed action Answer Meeting / Crossing Meeting / Crossing None required Respond: Same signal (<½ mi) Overtaking narrow channel Acknowledge Acknowledge Respond: Same signal

32. 31 Maneuvering: In Sight-Signals * COLREGS/INLAND Meeting/Crossing – I am/proposing* going to: Meeting/Crossing – I am/proposing* going to: Starboard Port Astern Warning (disagree) Warning (disagree) Approaching Bend Approaching Bend or departing dock (inland) or departing dock (inland)

33. 32 Overtaking–Narrow Channel Agreement required before action I intend/propose* overtaking you on your: I intend/propose* overtaking you on your: Agreement required before action I intend/propose* overtaking you on your: I intend/propose* overtaking you on your: * COLREGS/INLAND COLREGSINLAND Starboard Port I agree to be overtaken Respond same signal

34. 33 Restricted Visibility - Sounds EVERY TWO MINUTES Power Making way Making way Stopped Stopped Manned tow NUC, Restricted Maneuver including: Sail, fishing, restricted draft Anchored Aground (<12m) any sound every 2min

35. 34 Vessels Overtaking 2 Blasts Leave the stand-on vessel on your starboard 2 Blasts Leave the stand-on vessel on your starboard 1 Blast Leave the stand-on vessel on your port side 1 Blast Leave the stand-on vessel on your port side

36. 35 Lights - Geometry

37. 36 Light Patterns PowerSail Option <12m Rules Rules specify colors specify colors arcs of visibility arcs of visibility by vessel type by vessel type Three purposes Three purposes Alert other vessels Alert other vessels your presence your presence relative location relative location Indicate information Indicate information your vessel’s size your vessel’s size course, and type course, and type Assist the skipper Assist the skipper properly apply Navigation Rules properly apply Navigation Rules Rules Rules specify colors specify colors arcs of visibility arcs of visibility by vessel type by vessel type Three purposes Three purposes Alert other vessels Alert other vessels your presence your presence relative location relative location Indicate information Indicate information your vessel’s size your vessel’s size course, and type course, and type Assist the skipper Assist the skipper properly apply Navigation Rules properly apply Navigation Rules

38. 37 Light Visibility

39. 38 Power Driven Vessels Under Way

40. 39 Vessels Towing and Pushing

41. 40 Sailing Vessels Underway and Vessels Under Oars

42. 41 Fishing Vessels

43. 42 Vessels Not Under Command or Restricted in Their Ability to Maneuver

44. 43 Anchored Vessels and Vessels Aground

45. 44 VHF Radio – Radiotelephone Act Questions regarding vessel intentions – call on CH13; no reply use CH16 Questions regarding vessel intentions – call on CH13; no reply use CH16 Security Broadcast Systems – monitor CH13 Security Broadcast Systems – monitor CH13 Intl Rules do not allow use of VHF radio in lieu of sound signals Intl Rules do not allow use of VHF radio in lieu of sound signals

46. 45 Signals to Attract Attention Any vessel may make light or sound signals that can not be mistaken… to attract attention of another vessel… Any vessel may make light or sound signals that can not be mistaken… to attract attention of another vessel… Note: Inland Rules allow use of strobes Note: Inland Rules allow use of strobes Any vessel may make light or sound signals that can not be mistaken… to attract attention of another vessel… Any vessel may make light or sound signals that can not be mistaken… to attract attention of another vessel… Note: Inland Rules allow use of strobes Note: Inland Rules allow use of strobes

47. 46 Distress Signals Gun or explosive signal Gun or explosive signal Continuous sound device Continuous sound device Red star rockets or shells Red star rockets or shells Morse Code: “SOS” Morse Code: “SOS” Radio: “MAYDAY” Radio: “MAYDAY” Signal Flag Signal Flag onboard flames onboard flames Orange smoke Orange smoke EPIRB or transponder EPIRB or transponder High intensity white flashing light (Inland Rules) High intensity white flashing light (Inland Rules) Gun or explosive signal Gun or explosive signal Continuous sound device Continuous sound device Red star rockets or shells Red star rockets or shells Morse Code: “SOS” Morse Code: “SOS” Radio: “MAYDAY” Radio: “MAYDAY” Signal Flag Signal Flag onboard flames onboard flames Orange smoke Orange smoke EPIRB or transponder EPIRB or transponder High intensity white flashing light (Inland Rules) High intensity white flashing light (Inland Rules)

48. 47 Chapter 5

49. 48 Supplemental slides for your use Supplemental slides for your use

50. 49 Federal Navigation Regulations COLREGS (International Navigation Rules) 33 CFR 80 - COLREGS Demarcation Lines 33 CFR 81 - 72 COLREGS: Implementing Rules 33 CFR 82 - 72 COLREGS: Interpretive Rules COLREGS (International Navigation Rules) 33 CFR 80 - COLREGS Demarcation Lines 33 CFR 81 - 72 COLREGS: Implementing Rules 33 CFR 82 - 72 COLREGS: Interpretive RulesInternational Navigation Rules33 CFR 80 33 CFR 81 33 CFR 82 International Navigation Rules33 CFR 80 33 CFR 81 33 CFR 82 Inland Navigation Rules 33 CFR 84 - Annex I: Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes 33 CFR 85 - Annex II: Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close proximity 33 CFR 86 - Annex III: Technical details of sound signal appliances 33 CFR 87 - Annex IV: Distress Signals 33 CFR 88 - Annex V: Pilot Rules 33 CFR 90 - Inland Navigation Rules: Interpretive Rules Inland Navigation Rules 33 CFR 84 - Annex I: Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes 33 CFR 85 - Annex II: Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close proximity 33 CFR 86 - Annex III: Technical details of sound signal appliances 33 CFR 87 - Annex IV: Distress Signals 33 CFR 88 - Annex V: Pilot Rules 33 CFR 90 - Inland Navigation Rules: Interpretive Rules Inland Navigation Rules33 CFR 8433 CFR 8533 CFR 8633 CFR 8733 CFR 8833 CFR 90 Inland Navigation Rules33 CFR 8433 CFR 8533 CFR 8633 CFR 8733 CFR 8833 CFR 90 Regattas and Marine Parades 33 CFR 100 - Safety of Life on Navigable Waters. Provides effective control over regattas and marine parades conducted on the navigable waters of the United States so as to insure safety of life in the regatta or marine parade area. Regattas and Marine Parades 33 CFR 100 - Safety of Life on Navigable Waters. Provides effective control over regattas and marine parades conducted on the navigable waters of the United States so as to insure safety of life in the regatta or marine parade area.33 CFR 10033 CFR 100 COLREGS (International Navigation Rules) 33 CFR 80 - COLREGS Demarcation Lines 33 CFR 81 - 72 COLREGS: Implementing Rules 33 CFR 82 - 72 COLREGS: Interpretive Rules COLREGS (International Navigation Rules) 33 CFR 80 - COLREGS Demarcation Lines 33 CFR 81 - 72 COLREGS: Implementing Rules 33 CFR 82 - 72 COLREGS: Interpretive RulesInternational Navigation Rules33 CFR 80 33 CFR 81 33 CFR 82 International Navigation Rules33 CFR 80 33 CFR 81 33 CFR 82 Inland Navigation Rules 33 CFR 84 - Annex I: Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes 33 CFR 85 - Annex II: Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close proximity 33 CFR 86 - Annex III: Technical details of sound signal appliances 33 CFR 87 - Annex IV: Distress Signals 33 CFR 88 - Annex V: Pilot Rules 33 CFR 90 - Inland Navigation Rules: Interpretive Rules Inland Navigation Rules 33 CFR 84 - Annex I: Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes 33 CFR 85 - Annex II: Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close proximity 33 CFR 86 - Annex III: Technical details of sound signal appliances 33 CFR 87 - Annex IV: Distress Signals 33 CFR 88 - Annex V: Pilot Rules 33 CFR 90 - Inland Navigation Rules: Interpretive Rules Inland Navigation Rules33 CFR 8433 CFR 8533 CFR 8633 CFR 8733 CFR 8833 CFR 90 Inland Navigation Rules33 CFR 8433 CFR 8533 CFR 8633 CFR 8733 CFR 8833 CFR 90 Regattas and Marine Parades 33 CFR 100 - Safety of Life on Navigable Waters. Provides effective control over regattas and marine parades conducted on the navigable waters of the United States so as to insure safety of life in the regatta or marine parade area. Regattas and Marine Parades 33 CFR 100 - Safety of Life on Navigable Waters. Provides effective control over regattas and marine parades conducted on the navigable waters of the United States so as to insure safety of life in the regatta or marine parade area.33 CFR 10033 CFR 100

51. 50 Maneuvering & Warning Signals Signal Meaning Number of Blasts I intend to alter course to starboard 1 Short Blast I intend to alter course to starboard 1 Short Blast And pass you on my Port Side (1-2 Seconds) I intend to turn to Port and pass you I intend to turn to Port and pass you on my Starboard Side2 Short Blasts My engines are running astern3 Short Blasts My engines are running astern3 Short Blasts I am in reverse and backing There is danger in what you There is danger in what you Intend to do. I do not agree with your intentions. 5 or more Short Blasts I’m sounding the danger Signal. I am departing my berth or mooring1 Prolonged Blast I am departing my berth or mooring1 Prolonged Blast I am approaching a channel bend (4-6 Seconds) or intervening obstruction Signal Meaning Number of Blasts I intend to alter course to starboard 1 Short Blast I intend to alter course to starboard 1 Short Blast And pass you on my Port Side (1-2 Seconds) I intend to turn to Port and pass you I intend to turn to Port and pass you on my Starboard Side2 Short Blasts My engines are running astern3 Short Blasts My engines are running astern3 Short Blasts I am in reverse and backing There is danger in what you There is danger in what you Intend to do. I do not agree with your intentions. 5 or more Short Blasts I’m sounding the danger Signal. I am departing my berth or mooring1 Prolonged Blast I am departing my berth or mooring1 Prolonged Blast I am approaching a channel bend (4-6 Seconds) or intervening obstruction

52. 51 Recognizing Vessels In Special Circumstances Vessels Engaged in Dredging or other underwater maneuvers display 3 all-round lights. Vessels Engaged In Diving are restricted in ability to maneuver. If divers are free swimming, the vessel is not restricted. >>

53. 52 Meeting Head on Neither vessel has right of way. Both vessels must sound one blast and turn to starboard passing port to port A GOOD RULE Anytime you have to turn in an emergency, TURN STARBOARD NEVER TURN TO PORT