2. Abstinence Curriculum n PCSD Sex Education Focus Group’s Final Decision: n Upon completion of our final meeting, ALL member’s voted that the decision to maintain an Abstinence only program will remain in effect. But will also add supplemental materials to sex education curriculum and will change subtle wording of phrases (example; partner rather then husband/wife). n Supplemental materials include: frequent misconceptions, forms of birth control other then Abstinence and the ineffectiveness broken down by percentages (examples provided on hard copy). n Other materials used: board approved text, workbook, and STI slide show presentation. n When Surveyed: n VF students were surveyed, an almost combined 40% said that they would prefer an abstinence only program or have abstinence be the underlying message, but with more statistics on STI’s. (2011) n In a National survey, 31% of high school teens have reported that parent/guardian’s are the most influential people in a teens life about the pressures of sex. Leaving only a reported 3% of teachers to have the biggest influence. (2009 National Campaign to prevent teen and unplanned pregnancy) n The following slides are a great supplemental guide to be used as reference by the educator.

3. Abstinence n Abstinence: The act of refraining from, or not having, sex. (Prentice Hall Text Definition) n Abstinence: The act or refraining from indulging an appetite or desire, especially from alcoholic drink or sexual intercourse. (www.thefreedictionary.com)

5. MYTHS OF STIs True or False 1. Most people with an STI experience painful symptoms. 2. Birth control pills prevent the spread of STIs. 3. Douching will cure and STI. 4. Abstinence is the best way to prevent STIs. 5. If you get an STI once, and are treated, you can’t get it again. 6. A person does not need to see a doctor if she/he notices scores on his/her genitals once, but then they go away. 7. Condoms help prevent the spread of STIs

6. How well do you know the 63 people you had sex with last night?

7. STIs nSnSnSnSTIs are diseases and infections which are capable of being spread from person to person through: – s– s– s– sexual intercourse –o–o–o–oral-genital contact or in non-sexual ways. –I–I–I–IV drug

8. Symptoms What are the symptoms? How would I know if I have been infected? n Sores (either painful or painless) n Blood in urine n Burning sensation when urinating n Rashes n Itching n Bumps n Warts n Unusual discharge

9. Chlamydia n Four million new cases occur each year n SYMPTOMS: fever, weight loss for no reason, swollen glands, fatigue, diarrhea, white spots on the mouth. FEMALE SYMPTOMS: Vaginal discharge (white or grey) or burning with urination Lower abdominal pain Bleeding between menstrual periods. Low-grade fever (later symptom) MALE SYMPTOMS: Discharge from the penis and/or burning when urinating Burning and itching around the opening of the penis Pain and swelling in the testicles Low –grade fever (associated with epididymitis – inflammation of the testicles)

10. Gonorrhea n Each year approximately 650,000 people in the United States are infected with gonorrhea n People get gonorrhea from close sexual contact (anal sex, oral sex., and vaginal). n Gonorrhea can also be spread from mother to child during birth. n Gonorrhea infection can spread to other unlikely parts of the body

11. Gonorrhea

12. Symptoms of Gonorrhea n Appear 5-7 days or can take up to 30 days to appear n sore or red throat if you have gonorrhea in the throat from oral sex n rectal pain n blood and pus in bowel movements if you have gonorrhea in the rectum from anal sex.

13. n FEMALE SYMPTOMS: Symptoms may show up 2-21 days after having sex May notice a yellow or white discharge from the vagina May be a burning or pain when urinating Bleeding between periods Heavier and more painful periods Cramps or pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes with nausea or fever n MALE SYMPTOMS: Yellow or white drip/discharge from penis Burning or pain when urinating Frequent urinating Swollen testicles

14. Syphilis nTnTnTnThe long range effects can be very serious, including death. nInInInIn the United States, an estimated 70,000 new cases of syphilis in adults npnpnpnpassed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilis sore nSnSnSnSores mainly occur on the external genitalia, vagina, anus, or rectum. Sores can also occur on the lips and in the mouth. nTnTnTnTransmission of the organism occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.

15. Symptoms – Stage 1 nSnSnSnSymptoms usually appear 10-90 days after contact. nAnAnAnAn infected person gets a sore (chancre), which may be painful at the point of contact (mouth, anus, rectum, throat or the sex organ). nTnTnTnThe chancre is usually firm, round, small, and painless. It appears at the spot where the bacterium entered the body. nTnTnTnThe chancre lasts 1-5 weeks and heals on its own. nTnTnTnThis will disappear on its own, but may last 4-6 weeks. nInInInIn the female, the chancre is often internal and cannot be seen.

16. Syphilis – 1 st Stage

17. Secondary Stage nlnlnlnlasts 3-6 weeks. nAnAnAnAfter the chancre comes a copper-colored skin rash which may appear on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, or in more severe cases covers the entire body. nTnTnTnThe rash may be accompanied by fever, headaches, indigestion, loss of appetite, or loss of hair in spots over the scalp.

18. Secondary Stage

19. Third Stage – Latent Period nAnAnAnAll symptoms disappear so that the victim thinks he/she is cured. nInInInIf not received treatment the bacterium remains in the body and begins to damage the internal organs including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints.

20. Fourth Stage - Tertiary nTnTnTnThe results of the internal damage from the 3rd stage shows up many years later. nTnTnTnTen, twenty, even thirty years after the initial infection - sudden heart attack, failure of vision, loss of motor coordination or mental disturbances.

21. Herpes n Symptoms usually show 2-20 days after contact. n May be extremely painful or very mild. n “outbreaks” of blisters and ulcers. n Once infected with HSV, people remain infected for life. n Stress, bruising, chaffing, or a woman’s period may cause an onset of the disease. FEMALE SYMPTOMS: Blisters in or around the vagina, fever and headaches. headaches. MALE SYMPTOMS: Small sore or cluster of blisters on the penis.

22. Herpes

23. Genital Warts / Veniral Warts n Growths that appear on the vagina or penis, near the anus, and sometimes in the throat. n They are caused by viruses and spread through sexual contact. n The virus that causes genital warts is spread by vaginal or anal intercourse and by oral sex. n Warts may appear within several weeks after sex with a person who has HPV; or they may take months or years to appear; or they may never appear. n A person can be infected and pass on the virus without knowing it. n Approximately 5.5 million new cases of sexually transmitted HPV (one third of all new STDs) occur in the U.S. each year, with at least 20 million people currently infected. n Three out of four Americans between the ages of 15 and 49 have been infected with genital HPV in their lifetimes.

24. Symptoms n Usually the warts look like tiny cauliflowers, but sometimes they are flat. n The warts may cause itching, burning and some pain, but often don’t cause any pain at all. n Warts may be inside the vagina or on the cervix, or in the rectum or throat, so you might not notice them. n They might also be so small that you cannot see them.

25. Pubic Lice = Crabs n Pubic lice are called “crabs” because they look like crabs. n Crabs are frequently the color and size of small freckles. These very small lice (crabs) usually attack the sexual (pubic) areas of the body. n Found under arms, eyelashes, moustaches. n Spread through direct physical contact. Close body contact with an infected person. n SYMPTOMS: A terrible, persisting itch in the genital, rectal (sexual) area.

26. Crabs – under microscope

27. Trichomoniasis n An estimated 5 million new cases occur each year in women and men. n Occurs in vagina of women so may be sexually transmitted to men using infected washcloths and towels. n It is transmitted to the baby during delivery. n It also can occur in the urethra (carries urine to penis) in men, doesn’t have symptoms usually. SYMPTOMS: Appear within 5 to 28 days of exposure Women usually have a vaginal discharge that FEMALE SYMPTOMS: Itching and burning at the outside of the opening of the vagina and vulva. Painful and frequent urination Heavy, unpleasant smelling greenish, yellow discharge MALE SYMPTOMS: Usually nothing, or discomfort in urethra, inflamed head of the penis.

28. Candidiasis – Yeast Fungus n Yeast fungus that may or may not be transmitted by sexual intercourse. n Caused by high doses of antibiotics. It is usually caused by altering the Ph of the vagina. SYMPTOMS: A thick cheesy vaginal discharge Severe itching

29. HIV There are two main ways you get AIDS: Vaginal, oral, anal, etc. sex Sharing drug needles and syringes

30. Prevention § Abstinence § Know your partner § Limit your partners § Visit your doctor § Always look § Keep clean!

31. Remember: n People who engage in premarital sex are nearly 50 percent more likely to divorce. n 3 million teens contract an STI each year some of which have no cure, are a leading cause of cervical cancer or can even lead to infertility.

32. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus n “H: is for Human: Only humans get this virus n You CANNOT get infected from a pet or mosquito n “I” is for Immunodeficiency: This virus causes your immune system to have problems. n Easier to get sick and harder to get well n “V” is for Virus: What causes the disease n Viruses cannot be killed because they are not alive n Viruses stay with you FOREVER

33. AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome n HIV is linked to immune system malfunction n Results in condition known as AIDS n It is the result of a weakened immune system n AIDS is diagnosed when a person tests positive for HIV and has one or more “opportunistic infections” of AIDS n There are 27 total opportunistic infections

34. AIDS Incidence n Statistics from 1997 revealed that 16,000 new infections a day n 30 million people know living with HIV/AIDS n 1-100 adults, ages 15-49 are infected with HIV n Only 1-10 are aware of their HIV status n Symptoms develop within months or sometimes years after exposure

35. AIDS Symptoms n Flu-like symptoms following infection n Generally no symptoms in early stage n Fever, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, diarrhea, swollen lymph nodes, cough, dementia and skin blotches

36. AIDS Complications n The compromised immune system becomes open to opportunistic infections n Ultimately leads to death n Treatment: No cure. Some opportunistic diseases can be treated n Antiviral and combination therapies reduce level of active virus in many individuals

37. STI’s: Sexually Transmitted Infections n REFLECTION JOURNAL: n What would you do if you found out you had an STI? n Who would you tell? n Would you be angry at your partner? n Is it his/her fault or yours?

38. REFRENCES/WEB SITES USED: n Utah Educational Network: www.uen.org n cdc.gov –National Prevention: HIV/AIDS statistics and information –National Prevention: STI’s Today and prevention –AIDS: Who’s At Risk?