2. UNIT 9 Indian Removal Cattle Drives Railroads

3. 1866- U.S. sent soldiers to build forts & protect the settlers in TX. * Not effective Too spread out Not enough soldiers /supplies Untrained in Indian warfare

4. 1867- Treaty of Medicine Lodge: Native Americans would stop raiding & move to reservations in exchange for food & shelter. * Not Effective Some tribes would not sign or go to reservations Agents provided inadequate shelter & food Some Native Americans left reservations to raid

5. 1871 –1876 Frontier Campaigns Army was sent out to destroy N. American camps & force them onto reservation. Several chiefs fought back. Satanta – Kiowa killed himself in the Huntsville prison Quanah Parker – Comanche w/white mother Cynthia Ann, surrender in 1875 at Ft. Sill Victorio – Apache captured & killed by buffalo soldiers in Mex. 1880

6. Reasons -the army defeated the Plains Indians Invention -colt six shooter & other repeating guns evens the odds Buffalo hunter destroyed their way of life – * 3.7 million were killed in 2yrs

7. Cattle Drives- started after the Civil War (1865) North needed beef RR’s expanded into Central Plains Est. 5 million wild longhorns in TX.

8. Profitable Free cattle sold for $5 in the south up to $40 in the North Moved in the Spring to feed on grass Needed only 10 -12 men to move 2,000

9. Trail drives hard work 18 hr. days (night hawking) Most cowboys were young 20% dropped out of the drive Dangerous: River crossings Stampedes Weather Rustlers

10. Section 1-4 African American cowhand 1 out of 6 cowboys were: * Black * Mexican * Native American * Even women & children went on cattle drive

11. Famous Trails & Ranches Chisholm – named after Native American Jessie Chisholm Sedalia – closed due to Texas fever Great Western – ended in Ogallala, Neb. Goodnight Loving – ended in Wyoming http://www.wchm-tx.org/Chisholm_trail.htm

12. Reasons Why Trail Driving Ended RR’s came to Texas Price of cattle dropped Disease closed some trails Invention of barbwire- closed the trails

13. Railroads – move people and goods quickly and cheaply 400 miles of track before the Civil War 10,000 miles by 1900 Land grants encourage RR’s to build Cities w/several RR’s became trade centers

15. Unit 11 Westward Expansion Campaign Agent Commissary Renegade Open Range Vaquero Stockyard Drover Wrangler Quarantine